1,721,166 research outputs found
Mathematical modeling, analysis and optimization of production lines design
No full textLors de la phase de conception d'un système de production, toutes les alternatives fonctionnelles et technologiques doivent être étudiées afin de proposer la ou les meilleures solutions possibles. Ceci se traduit souvent par une conjugaison de plusieurs sous-problèmes tels que: la sélection de pièces d'équipements à partir d'un ensemble de solutions candidates pour chaque opération de fabrication; l'équilibrage et le dimensionnement des postes de travail; le dimensionnement des zones de stockage; le dimensionnement des systèmes de transport et l'aménagement des emplacements.Dans ce contexte, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’évaluation des performances ainsi qu’à l’optimisation de la conception d’un système de production très répandus dans l'industrie manufacturière à gros volume à savoir les lignes de production en série.Nous avons proposé une nouvelle méthode analytique d’évaluation de performances dite « Méthodes par Machines Equivalentes ». Cette méthode présente les avantages d'être plus précise et plus rapide que les approches existantes dans la littérature. Nous avons aussi montré la pertinence de cette méthode pour l’évaluation du taux de production des systèmes en configuration séries-parallèles ainsi que les lignes avec des machines ayant plusieurs modes de défaillance. Nous avons aussi développé un nouvel algorithme de programmation non linéaire afin d’optimiser le dimensionnement des stocks intermédiairesDuring the design phase of a production system, all functional and technological alternatives should be explored in order to propose the best possible solutions. This often results in a combination of several sub-problems such as: selection of pieces of equipments from a set of candidate solutions for each manufacturing operation, dimensioning and allocation of buffers and storage areas, balancing workload among the different workstations, the specification of the type and capacity of the material handling system and the layout of equipments which consists of determining which workstations should be adjacent to each other and how they should be connected.In this context, we were interested in performance evaluation and optimization of serial production lines which are very common in high volume production systems.We have proposed a new analytical method, known as « Equivalent Machines Method» to evaluate the production line throughput. This method has the advantages to be more accurate and faster than the existing approaches in the literature.We have also established the relevance of this method for evaluating the production rate of series-parallel systems and other serial lines with machines having multiple failure modes.We have also developed a new algorithm based on nonlinear programming approach to solve the buffer allocation proble
Transition to a 4.0 Industry through the use of decision support tools in textile in the textile field
No full textLes travaux présentés dans cette thèse ont été motivés par les besoins de l'entreprise textile Petit Bateau. L'entreprise s'ouvre aux enjeux de l'industrie 4.0. Engager cette thèse fut un moyen de s'y inscrire, en étudiant la mise en place de nouveaux outils d'aide à la décision. Le contexte de l'entreprise offre une grande variété de sujets originaux et stimulant dans le domaine de la recherche opérationnelle. Le premier problème traité est un celui d'allocation dynamique des produits sur la chaîne logistique. Plusieurs sites peuvent être éligibles pour fabriquer chaque produit. Un modèle a été proposé pour optimiser l'affectation en minimisant les coûts (stockage, production et transports). Le second est un problème d'agencement dynamique de l'atelier de tricotage. L'optimisation du positionnement des machines dans l'atelier en fonction de leur utilisation est apparue comme un pré requis avant de proposer une résolution au problème d'ordonnancement de ce même atelier. L'atelier est composé de machines parallèles non reliées avec plusieurs contraintes spécifiques. Pour aller plus loin et s'adapter aux imprévus courants dans un atelier de production, le réordonnancement a également été étudié. La mise en place dans l'entreprise de chacune des solutions étudiées est abordée dans la thèse. Les limites terrain qui ne l'ont éventuellement pas permise sont expliquées mais également les succès obtenus, notamment la production d'un logiciel d'ordonnancement à présent utilisé par le responsable de l'atelier.This thesis presents works motivated by the evolution objective of the textile company Petit Bateau. The company starts to see the importance of the stakes of the Industry 4.0. Begin this thesis was a step to go in this direction with the development of decision tools. The company context offers a large variety of original and challenging studies in operational research. The first problem is a dynamic products allocation problem on the logistic supply chain. Several sites can be selected to process different products. A mathematical model is proposed to optimize the allocation by minimizing the total cost (inventory, production and transport costs). The second one is a dynamic layout problem of the knitting workshop. The layout optimization relative to the utilization rate of each machine seems to be a prerequisite before the resolution of the scheduling problem of this identic workshop. The workshop is composed of unrelated parallel machines with several specific constraints. To go further, the rescheduling problem is studied to take into consideration disturbances that can occur during production. The feasibility in the company of each solution studied is presented. The constraints on field that not allowed it are explained but also the success obtained. Such as the production of a scheduling software nowadays used by the workshop manager
Planning optimization of industrial systems with energy constraints
No full textDans cette thèse, nous abordons le problème de la planification de la production dans un système de type flow-shop, en tenant compte de l’aspect énergétique. Le système de production est composé de différentes machines fiables, séparées par des zones de stockage à capacité infinie. L’horizon de planification est composé de différentes périodes, chacune étant caractérisée par une durée, un coût d’électricité, une puissance maximale et des demandes de chaque produit. L’objectif consiste en la minimisation du coût total de production en terme d’électricité, stockage, mise marche (ou changement de série) et puissance demandée par période. Dans un premier temps, nous proposons une modélisation pour le problème de lot-sizing dans un système de type flow-shop, à capacité finie, dans le cas mono-produit. Étant donné que ce type de problème est NP-difficile, des méthodes approchées ont été développées afin de fournir des solutions de bonne qualité dans un temps réduit (heuristiques dédiées, heuristique de type Fix and Relax, algorithme génétique). Dans un deuxième temps, une généralisation du modèle pour le cas multi-produits a été considérée. De même, des méthodes approchées ont été proposées pour la résolution de ce type de problèmeIn this thesis, we deal with the production planning problem in a flow-shop system with energy consideration. The manufacturing system is composed of reliable machines separated by buffers with infinite capacities. The planning horizon is defined by a set of periods where each one is characterized by a length, an electricity price, a maximal allowed power and an external demand of each product. The purpose is to minimize the total production cost composed of electricity, inventory, set-up (or product series change) costs and a required power per period.In the first step, we propose mathematical models for a single item capacitated lot-sizing problem in a flow-shop system. Since this problem is known to be NP-hard, approximating methods are developed in order to provide solutions with good quality in a reasonable time (dedicated heuristics, Fix and Relax heuristic, genetic algorithm).In the second step, a generalization of the model for multi-items is considered. Similarly to the first case, approximating methods are proposed to solve this proble
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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