197,572 research outputs found
Celmisia brevifolia Cheeseman 1925
No full text<p> <b>11.</b> <i>Celmisia brevifolia</i> Cockayne ex Cheeseman (1925: 938).</p> <p> Type:—NEW ZEALAND. South Island, Plateau of the Old Man Range in herb-moor, 1500 m. alt., 27 March 1919, <i>L. Cockayne 1970</i> (lectotype K 77065 [image!] designated here; isolectotype WELT SP45774!).</p> <p> <b>Notes:—</b> Cheeseman (1925) described <i>C. brevifolia</i> and cited several syntypes that include plants with quite different leaf appearances regarding shape and indumentum. Plants from the Old Man Range (<i>L. Cockayne 1970</i>, see typification) and some from Mt Pisa (<i>L. Cockayne 1978</i>, K 77064 [image!], WELT SP45775!, SP45776!), both in Central Otago, have leaves obovate and pseudopetiolate, upon which Allan (1961: 618) wrote: “Neither type locality nor type is indicated, but Central Otago plants included by Cheeseman are fairly uniform […]”. Another syntype from Mt. Pisa (SP46497!) and one collected at Mt Ernest in northwest Otago (AK 34925!) have leaves that vary from obovate, obovate-oblong, oblanceolate-oblong, to almost linear-oblong, approaching <i>C. angustifolia</i>. Additional syntypes (AK 9707!, 9708!, AK 9709!, 9710!, AK 9706!, WELT SP46498!) coming from the Two Thumb Range in South Canterbury, have a conspicuous white arachnoid indumentum covering most of the adaxial surface (note that the syntypes mentioned above and the typical <i>C. angustifolia</i> are glabrous on the adaxial surface) and leaves oblanceolate-oblong to linearoblong, almost identical to <i>C. angustifolia</i> from its typical area (Torlesse Range, see typification of <i>C. angustifolia</i>).</p> <p> Plants from the Old Man Range are quite uniform in leaf shape and are representative of the taxon commonly recognized as <i>Celmisia brevifolia</i> that occurs mainly in Central Otago (Allan 1961, Mark & Adams 1973) as indicated above.Therefore, I have chosen the material from this locality (<i>L. Cockayne 1970</i>) as a lectotype. Besides, this specimen corresponds to a branch with leaves and one scape with a complete involucre, morphological features that allow its appropriate identification.</p> <p> Cheeseman ascribed the name <i>C. brevifolia</i> to Cockayne, however, according to the ICN Art. 46.5 and 46.6 (Turland <i>et al</i>. 2018), the author can be cited either as <i>C. brevifolia</i> Cheeseman or as <i>C. brevifolia</i> Cockayne ex Cheeseman.</p>Published as part of <i>Saldivia, Patricio, 2023, Nomenclature and typifications in Celmisia (Asteraceae: Astereae): The New Zealand endemic subgenera Caespitosae, Glandulosae, and Lignosae, pp. 31-45 in Phytotaxa 591 (1)</i> on pages 35-36, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.591.1.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7784168">http://zenodo.org/record/7784168</a>
How to Rig an Election. By Nic Cheeseman and Brian Klaas. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2018. 320p. $26.00 cloth (Book Review)
No full text“How is it possible that the flourishing of elections has coincided with a decade of democratic decline” (p. 3)? This is the question posed by Nic Cheeseman and Brian Klaas in How To Rig An Election. A perfecting of the art of election rigging by autocrats (and some democrats), they argue, is one of the key reasons that low-quality elections are becoming the norm (p. 207). “Counterfeit democrats” are having their cake and eating it too, as they not only control the outcome of polls but also do so in a way that garners legitimacy through their compliance with international norms of democratic conduct, the authors posit.No Full Tex
Introduction
No full textThis critical introduction considers all the chapters in Folklore and Nation in Britain and Ireland. It suggests means to connect these individually focused essays and thinks further within (and without) their collected themes. The introduction begins with a consideration of the collection’s antecedents and those literatures and research areas outside its scope. The interdisciplinary nature of the volume is explained by an account of the context of its production; the disciplinary focus on folkloristics is then further explicated. Four explanatory themes are relied on to structure the introduction. The first is networks, which is considered firstly via the network formed by the collection’s authors and then through the way the chapters consider the social base of folklore. Locality, region and nation are discussed. Secondly, the introduction considers England and the country’s absence and presence throughout the volume. Thirdly, the folkloristic dichotomy between Romantic and Enlightenment perspectives is used to think about the role of imaginative art in folkloristics. Finally, the question of authority, power and the law is thought through. Fascination as a theme is discussed, which leads into a consideration of fascism and folklore. The introduction concludes with a discussion of potential areas of future research
On Melanochlamys Cheeseman, 1881, a Genus of the Aglajidae (Opisthobranchia, Gastropoda)
No full textABSTRACT: Melanochlamys Cheeseman, 1881, long considered to be a synonym
of Aglaja Renier, 1807, is shown to be a distinct genus of the Aglajidae differing
from other genera in external body form, shape of shell, alimentary canal, and reproductive
system. Specimens of the type species, M. cylindrica Cheeseman, 1881,
are compared with M. lorrainae (Rudman, 1968), M. queritor (Burn, 1958), and
M. diomedea (Bergh, 1893).
It is suggested that Aglaja dubia O'Donoghue, 1929, A. ezoensis Baba, 1957,
A. henri Burn, 1969, A. nana Steinberg & Jones, 1960, and A. seurati Vayssiere,
1926, also belong to Melanochlamys
Chromosome- and spindle-pole-derived signals generate an intrinsic code for spindle position and orientation
No full textMitotic spindle positioning by cortical pulling forces defines the cell division axis and location, which is critical for proper cell division and development. Although recent work has identified developmental and extrinsic cues that regulate spindle orientation, the contribution of intrinsic signals to spindle positioning and orientation remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that cortical force generation in human cells is controlled by distinct spindle-pole-and chromosome-derived signals that regulate cytoplasmic dynein localization. First, dynein exhibits a dynamic asymmetric cortical localization that is negatively regulated by spindle-pole proximity, resulting in spindle oscillations to centre the spindle within the cell. We find that this signal comprises the spindle-pole-localized polo-like kinase (Plk1), which regulates dynein localization by controlling the interaction between dynein-dynactin and its upstream cortical targeting factors NuMA and LGN. Second, a chromosome-derived RanGTP gradient restricts the localization of NuMA-LGN to the lateral cell cortex to define and maintain the spindle orientation axis. RanGTP acts in part through the nuclear localization sequence of NuMA to locally alter the ability of NuMA-LGN to associate with the cell cortex in the vicinity of chromosomes. We propose that these chromosome-and spindle-pole-derived gradients generate an intrinsic code to control spindle position and orientation.National Institute of General Medical Sciences (U.S.) (Grant GM088313
Magnesium-based glasses prepared by sol-gel processing for use as supplementary cementitious materials
No full textAbstract
For decades, supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) have been utilized as clinker substitutes as one of the strategies to mitigate the CO2 emissions associated with Portland cement production. However, traditional SCMs (e.g., coal fly ash, silica fume, and blast furnace slag) are being phased out, as they are insufficient to enable high volume clinker substitution. Therefore, alternative SCMs are actively being sought to meet market demand. Synthetic glasses may be a potential source of SCMs due to their pozzolanic activity and tunable properties. The chemical composition of glasses determines their pozzolanic activity, with Ca-based glasses being predominantly studied owing to their high reactivity. However, this leads to the same inherent CO2 emissions as for cement, originating from the production of CaO from CaCO3.
This thesis investigates Mg-based silicate glasses synthesized via the sol-gel method, tuning their composition for higher pozzolanic activity. The feasibility of using Mg-based silicate glasses as SCMs was studied through three main pathways:
(1) Development of a binary Mg-Si sol-gel glass system: The impact of varying Mg concentrations on the glass reactivity was assessed (Publication Ⅰ).
(2) Introduction of Fe into the Mg-Si system: Varying concentrations of Fe3+/ Fe2+ were incorporated into Mg-Si glasses, investigating changes in reactivity (Publications Ⅱ, Ⅲ).
(3) Assessment of cementitious performance: The pozzolanic activity of Mg-based glasses was evaluated, and their impact on the properties and performance of cementitious systems was studied (Publication Ⅳ).
The research revealed the high elemental solubility of the synthetic glasses, indicating their high reactivity, and demonstrated pozzolanic activity exceeding that of conventional SCMs such as fly ash slag. These findings provide a preliminary assessment of the potential for using Mg silicate glasses as novel SCMs with the aim of reducing CO2 emissions. Original papers Jiang, C., Ramteke, D. D., Li, J., Sliz, R., Sreenivasan, H., Cheeseman, C., & Kinnunen, P. (2023). Preparation and characterization of binary Mg-silicate glasses via Sol-Gel route. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 606, 122204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2023.122204 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2023.122204 Self-archived version Jiang, C., Santos, H. S., Yliniemi, J., Lindén, J., Ramteke, D. D., Illikainen, M., Cheeseman, C., & Kinnunen, P. (2024). Fe-bearing magnesium silicate glasses for potential supplementary cementitious applications. Frontiers in Materials, 11, 1509403. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1509403 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1509403 Self-archived version Jiang, C., Yliniemi, J., Santos, H. S., Lindén, J., Ramteke, D.D., Cheeseman, C., & Kinnunen, P. (2024). Optimizing Fe(II)/Fe(III)-bearing magnesium silicate glasses for applications in supplementary cementitious materials. Manuscript submitted for publication. Jiang, C., Santos, H. S., Ahmad, L., Yliniemi, J., Cheeseman, C., & Kinnunen, P. (2025). Properties of Fe-bearing Mg silicate glasses as novel supplementary cementitious materials. Manuscript submitted for publication. Tiivistelmä
Jo vuosikymmenten ajan sementin seosaineita (SCM) on käytetty klinkkerin korvikkeina tavoitteena vähentää portlandsementin tuotannossa syntyviä CO2-päästöjä. Perinteisten SCM-materiaalien, kuten lentotuhkan, silikajauheen ja masuunikuonan, saatavuus ei kuitenkaan riitä mahdollistamaan korkeaa klinkkerin korvausastetta. Siksi on tarpeen kehittää uusia SCM-materiaaleja markkinoiden tarpeiden täyttämiseksi. Synteettiset lasit voivat olla potentiaalinen vaihtoehto niiden potsolaanisen aktiivisuuden ja säädettävien ominaisuuksien ansiosta. Lasien kemiallinen koostumus määrittää niiden potsolaanisen aktiivisuuden, ja enimmäkseen on tutkittu Ca-pohjaisia laseja niiden korkean reaktiivisuuden vuoksi. Tämä johtaa kuitenkin samoihin luontaisiin CO2-päästöihin kuin sementin tuotannossa, koska CaO:ta tuotetaan CaCO3:sta.
Tämä väitöskirja tutkii Mg-pohjaisia silikaattilaseja, jotka tuotetaan sol-gel-menetelmällä, jossa lasien koostumusta säädetään korkeamman potsolaanisen aktiivisuuden saavuttamiseksi. Mg-pohjaisten silikaattilasien käyttökelpoisuutta SCM-materiaaleina tutkittiin kolmen pääasiallisen lähestymistavan kautta:
(1) Binaarisen Mg-Si sol-gel-lasin kehitys: Eri Mg-pitoisuuksien vaikutuksia lasin reaktiivisuuteen arvioitiin (julkaisu I).
(2) Fe:n lisääminen Mg-Si-järjestelmään: Mg-Si-laseihin lisättiin eri pitoisuuksia Fe3+/Fe2+:aa, ja niiden vaikutusta reaktiivisuuteen tutkittiin (julkaisut II, III).
(3) Sementtimäisen suorituskyvyn arviointi: Mg-pohjaisten lasien potsolaanista aktiivisuutta arvioitiin, ja niiden vaikutusta seostettujen sementtien ominaisuuksiin ja suorituskykyyn tutkittiin (julkaisu IV).
Tutkimus paljastaa synteettisten lasien korkean alkuaineliukoisuuden, mikä viittaa niiden korkeaan reaktiivisuuteen, sekä osoittaa, että niiden potsolaaninen aktiivisuus ylittää perinteiset SCM:t, kuten lentotuhkan ja kuonan. Nämä havainnot tarjoavat alustavan arvion Mg-silikaattilasien potentiaalista uusina SCM-materiaaleina, joiden tavoitteena on CO2-päästöjen vähentäminen. Osajulkaisut Jiang, C., Ramteke, D. D., Li, J., Sliz, R., Sreenivasan, H., Cheeseman, C., & Kinnunen, P. (2023). Preparation and characterization of binary Mg-silicate glasses via Sol-Gel route. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 606, 122204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2023.122204 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2023.122204 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Jiang, C., Santos, H. S., Yliniemi, J., Lindén, J., Ramteke, D. D., Illikainen, M., Cheeseman, C., & Kinnunen, P. (2024). Fe-bearing magnesium silicate glasses for potential supplementary cementitious applications. Frontiers in Materials, 11, 1509403. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1509403 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2024.1509403 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Jiang, C., Yliniemi, J., Santos, H. S., Lindén, J., Ramteke, D.D., Cheeseman, C., & Kinnunen, P. (2024). Optimizing Fe(II)/Fe(III)-bearing magnesium silicate glasses for applications in supplementary cementitious materials. Manuscript submitted for publication. Jiang, C., Santos, H. S., Ahmad, L., Yliniemi, J., Cheeseman, C., & Kinnunen, P. (2025). Properties of Fe-bearing Mg silicate glasses as novel supplementary cementitious materials. Manuscript submitted for publication. Academic dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Doctoral Programme Committee of Technology and Natural Sciences of the University of Oulu for public defence in the Wetteri auditorium (IT115), Linnanmaa, on 25 April 2025, at 12 noonAbstract
For decades, supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) have been utilized as clinker substitutes as one of the strategies to mitigate the CO2 emissions associated with Portland cement production. However, traditional SCMs (e.g., coal fly ash, silica fume, and blast furnace slag) are being phased out, as they are insufficient to enable high volume clinker substitution. Therefore, alternative SCMs are actively being sought to meet market demand. Synthetic glasses may be a potential source of SCMs due to their pozzolanic activity and tunable properties. The chemical composition of glasses determines their pozzolanic activity, with Ca-based glasses being predominantly studied owing to their high reactivity. However, this leads to the same inherent CO2 emissions as for cement, originating from the production of CaO from CaCO3.
This thesis investigates Mg-based silicate glasses synthesized via the sol-gel method, tuning their composition for higher pozzolanic activity. The feasibility of using Mg-based silicate glasses as SCMs was studied through three main pathways:
(1) Development of a binary Mg-Si sol-gel glass system: The impact of varying Mg concentrations on the glass reactivity was assessed (Publication Ⅰ).
(2) Introduction of Fe into the Mg-Si system: Varying concentrations of Fe3+/ Fe2+ were incorporated into Mg-Si glasses, investigating changes in reactivity (Publications Ⅱ, Ⅲ).
(3) Assessment of cementitious performance: The pozzolanic activity of Mg-based glasses was evaluated, and their impact on the properties and performance of cementitious systems was studied (Publication Ⅳ).
The research revealed the high elemental solubility of the synthetic glasses, indicating their high reactivity, and demonstrated pozzolanic activity exceeding that of conventional SCMs such as fly ash slag. These findings provide a preliminary assessment of the potential for using Mg silicate glasses as novel SCMs with the aim of reducing CO2 emissions.Tiivistelmä
Jo vuosikymmenten ajan sementin seosaineita (SCM) on käytetty klinkkerin korvikkeina tavoitteena vähentää portlandsementin tuotannossa syntyviä CO2-päästöjä. Perinteisten SCM-materiaalien, kuten lentotuhkan, silikajauheen ja masuunikuonan, saatavuus ei kuitenkaan riitä mahdollistamaan korkeaa klinkkerin korvausastetta. Siksi on tarpeen kehittää uusia SCM-materiaaleja markkinoiden tarpeiden täyttämiseksi. Synteettiset lasit voivat olla potentiaalinen vaihtoehto niiden potsolaanisen aktiivisuuden ja säädettävien ominaisuuksien ansiosta. Lasien kemiallinen koostumus määrittää niiden potsolaanisen aktiivisuuden, ja enimmäkseen on tutkittu Ca-pohjaisia laseja niiden korkean reaktiivisuuden vuoksi. Tämä johtaa kuitenkin samoihin luontaisiin CO2-päästöihin kuin sementin tuotannossa, koska CaO:ta tuotetaan CaCO3:sta.
Tämä väitöskirja tutkii Mg-pohjaisia silikaattilaseja, jotka tuotetaan sol-gel-menetelmällä, jossa lasien koostumusta säädetään korkeamman potsolaanisen aktiivisuuden saavuttamiseksi. Mg-pohjaisten silikaattilasien käyttökelpoisuutta SCM-materiaaleina tutkittiin kolmen pääasiallisen lähestymistavan kautta:
(1) Binaarisen Mg-Si sol-gel-lasin kehitys: Eri Mg-pitoisuuksien vaikutuksia lasin reaktiivisuuteen arvioitiin (julkaisu I).
(2) Fe:n lisääminen Mg-Si-järjestelmään: Mg-Si-laseihin lisättiin eri pitoisuuksia Fe3+/Fe2+:aa, ja niiden vaikutusta reaktiivisuuteen tutkittiin (julkaisut II, III).
(3) Sementtimäisen suorituskyvyn arviointi: Mg-pohjaisten lasien potsolaanista aktiivisuutta arvioitiin, ja niiden vaikutusta seostettujen sementtien ominaisuuksiin ja suorituskykyyn tutkittiin (julkaisu IV).
Tutkimus paljastaa synteettisten lasien korkean alkuaineliukoisuuden, mikä viittaa niiden korkeaan reaktiivisuuteen, sekä osoittaa, että niiden potsolaaninen aktiivisuus ylittää perinteiset SCM:t, kuten lentotuhkan ja kuonan. Nämä havainnot tarjoavat alustavan arvion Mg-silikaattilasien potentiaalista uusina SCM-materiaaleina, joiden tavoitteena on CO2-päästöjen vähentäminen
Cellular Mechanisms and Regulation of Quiescence
No full text© 2020 Elsevier Inc. Quiescence is a state of reversible proliferative arrest in which cells are not actively dividing and yet retain the capacity to reenter the cell cycle upon receiving an appropriate stimulus. In this review, Marescal and Cheeseman explore the diversity of quiescent cells and highlight the unifying characteristics that define the quiescent state.NIH/National Institute of General Medical Sciences (Grant R35GM126930
Population Ecology of Thelymitra matthewsii Cheeseman Orchidaceae, in Northern New Zealand
No full textThe terrestrial orchid Thelymitra matthewsii Cheeseman, uncommon in New Zealand, was studied to increase knowledge of the species life cycle, morphology and ecology. Results will enhance future conservation management for the species.
New information related to the morphology of T. matthewsii was obtained. The species was found to emerge in one of four discrete life stages of distinctive morphology and height range that remained constant for the season, not developing into a more advanced life stage. The leaf of the three pre adult life stages designated a hook, a spiral, and a non flowering stage, did not inflate at the base, but rose smoothly from the tuber. Apparent morphological differences in the column between descriptions of the Australian taxon and the small New Zealand sample examined suggested further study was needed.
Comprehensive monthly monitoring was carried out at five study sites in three locations in the Te Paki area of the Far North, from 2002 to 2004. No patterns emerged in plant life stage succession, flowering, and presence or absence at labels reinforcing the concept that variability was a common component of the population census.
Seasonal and partial absence was a major component of the populations. An average of 32.8% of plants, over five study sites, were present throughout three seasons, while 66.9% were recorded as absent (not visible) at monitoring. New plants appearing in 2003 and 2004 showed a high percentage of subsequent absence (mean 85.7%).
To determine population stability, recruitment and absence were compared. Plant absence exceeded recruitment by 7% (mean plant absence 30.5%; mean recruitment 23.4%). Plants continued to appear during the monitoring period, and labeled plants increased two-fold over commencement numbers.
Adults recorded as 28% of labeled plants over three seasons, were out numbered by pre-flowering stages. Only 5% of population numbers exhibited succession from a smaller to a flowering plant. Life stage modeling indicated a life stage was more likely to be followed by the same stage than an expected successive stage.
Thelymitra matthewsii was found to be present in four substrates in the Far North.
The survey of vegetation found the indigenous species Kunzea ericoides and the exotic Hakea gibbosa dominant for both height, and cover. Litter and bare ground dominated ground cover. Differences in vegetation and ground cover, of sites supporting T. matthewsii and comparison sites that did not, were minor and suggested that another factor, for example a suitable fungal partner, influenced the species presence or absence.
The results of the study indicated the present threat classification of Thelymitra matthewsii is inadequate in the light of the species relatively circumscribed, widely separated habitats, the small number of reproducing individuals and vulnerability to habitat modification
A Regulatory Switch Alters Chromosome Motions at the Metaphase-to-Anaphase Transition
No full textSummaryTo achieve chromosome segregation during mitosis, sister chromatids must undergo a dramatic change in their behavior to switch from balanced oscillations at the metaphase plate to directed poleward motion during anaphase. However, the factors that alter chromosome behavior at the metaphase-to-anaphase transition remain incompletely understood. Here, we perform time-lapse imaging to analyze anaphase chromosome dynamics in human cells. Using multiple directed biochemical, genetic, and physical perturbations, our results demonstrate that differences in the global phosphorylation states between metaphase and anaphase are the major determinant of chromosome motion dynamics. Indeed, causing a mitotic phosphorylation state to persist into anaphase produces dramatic metaphase-like oscillations. These induced oscillations depend on both kinetochore-derived and polar ejection forces that oppose poleward motion. Thus, our analysis of anaphase chromosome motion reveals that dephosphorylation of multiple mitotic substrates is required to suppress metaphase chromosome oscillatory motions and achieve directed poleward motion for successful chromosome segregation
Large-Scale Analysis of CRISPR/Cas9 Cell-Cycle Knockouts Reveals the Diversity of p53-Dependent Responses to Cell-Cycle Defects
No full textDefining the genes that are essential for cellular proliferation is critical for understanding organismal development and identifying high-value targets for disease therapies. However, the requirements for cell-cycle progression in human cells remain incompletely understood. To elucidate the consequences of acute and chronic elimination of cell-cycle proteins, we generated and characterized inducible CRISPR/Cas9 knockout human cell lines targeting 209 genes involved in diverse cell-cycle processes. We performed single-cell microscopic analyses to systematically establish the effects of the knockouts on subcellular architecture. To define variations in cell-cycle requirements between cultured cell lines, we generated knockouts across cell lines of diverse origins. We demonstrate that p53 modulates the phenotype of specific cell-cycle defects through distinct mechanisms, depending on the defect. This work provides a resource to broadly facilitate robust and long-term depletion of cell-cycle proteins and reveals insights into the requirements for cell-cycle progression. Keywords:
kinetochore; centromere; mitosis; DNA replication; spindle; microtubule; multipolarity; p53; CRISPR/Cas
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