483 research outputs found
Singaporean mothers' perception of their three-year-old child's weight status: A cross-sectional study
No full textSingapore National Research Foundation; National Medical Research Council (NMRC), SingaporeFull Author List: Cheng T.S.; Cheng T.; Loy S.; Cheung Y.; Chan J.; Tint M.; Godfrey K.; Gluckman P.; Kwek K.; Saw S.; Chong Y.; Lee Y.; Yap F.; Lek N.; Sheppard A.; Chinnadurai A.; Goh A.; Rifkin-Graboi A.; Qiu A.; Biswas A.; Lee B.; Broekman B.; Quah B.; Shuter B.; Chng C.; Ngo C.; Hsu S.; Bong C.; Henry C.; Chee C.; Fok D.; Yeo G.; Inskip H.; Chen H.; Van Bever H.; Magiati I.; Wong I.; Lau I.; Kapur J.; Richmond J.; Holbrook J.; Gooley J.; Tan K.; Niduvaje K.; Singh L.; Su L.; Daniel L.; Shek L.; Fortier M.; Hanson M.; Chong M.; Rauff M.; Chua M.; Meaney M.; Teoh O.; Wong P.; Agarwal P.; Van Dam R.; Rebello S.; Chong S.; Cai S.; Soh S.; Lim S.; Rajadurai V.; Stunkel W.; Han W.; Pang W.; Goh Y.; Chan Y.</p
The evolution of citizenship education in nation-building in Singapore and Hong Kong
No full textCitizenship Education is a highly political agenda for politicians and governments, especially those of the emerging nations studied in transitology. Political circumstances that surround the birth of ล nation are inextricably tied up with the unique economic, social and even globalisation contexts that shape the formation of that particular nation. Citizenship education mirrors the political climate of such circumstances. A ruling government's policies and ideologies are often transmitted to the masses through education in the form of citizenship education in its evolving forms that take after the political orientations of the nation. A historical-comparative study of Singapore and Hong Kong is the focus of the thesis and a combined case in point. This historical-comparative approach presents a chronological and qualitative analysis of Singapore and Hong Kong that links the past to the present, and points to future direction on how citizenship education has transformed in its focus, dimensions, content, message and values. Theories of nationalism, nation-state and national identity provide a basis for the understanding of the political, economic and social factors that impact nation- building and the subsequent evolvement of Civic and Moral Education in Singapore and Hong Kong after independence. In an analysis of the content-domain of citizenship education, Singapore’s curriculum is shown to reflect the ruling party's ideologies infused through National Education, where the Singapore story is sacrosanct and has to be mastered by all students so that the continual survival instinct is preserved at ill times. Hong Kong covers more breadth with a curriculum that includes the history of China that can be taught critically and a Chinese cultural heritage element that is infused into all the Key Learning subjects. The Life Event Approach is also more practical and relevant to the students' appreciation of the more individual-growth values learnt. Singapore is identified as an Objective/Globalised nation-state with a parallel Objective/Globalised National Identity that has a predominantly strong political leadership and economic priority in its nation-building foundation. It recognizes the need to rise up to the global challenges ahead. Hong Kong has a combination of Objective/Subjective/Globalised region-state with a parallel Objective/Subjective/Globalised National Identity with China due to its cultural heritage component inherited from China and also the need to meet global challenges. The thesis demonstrates how education can be used as a channel to serve the ideologies of the politicians who have a direct stake in shaping the focus of the political content in citizenship education in building national identity. It also illustrates how the respective political circumstances, economic reasons, social contexts and globalisation challenges drive the evolvement of the citizenship education in both Singapore and Hong Kong
Do exchange rates in caribbean and latin american countries exhibit nonlinearities?
No full textThis paper applies the recently developed Kapetanios et al. (2003) nonlinear stationary test to annual time series data on real exchange rates in selected Caribbean and Latin American countries over the period 1980-2003, to determine whether or not these real exchange rates exhibit nonlinearities. Generally, the ADF rejects the null hypothesis of a unit root in real exchange rates for most of the countries in our study, whereas the Kapetanios et al. (2003) test fails to reject the null hypothesis of a unit root in real exchange rates for most countries. The fact that the real exchange rates in most of the countries included in our study are nonlinear stationary implies that the nominal exchange rate and relative price are cointegrated irrespective of which price indices are used to compute the real exchange rate.
Evaluation of three : dimensional basal heave
No full textBasal heave is an important factor that must be taken into consideration in the design of braced excavation. There are various softwares available for the calculation of the factor of safety(FS) of basal heave. In this study, the finite element programs Plaxis 2D and 3D will be used to determine the stability of basal heave and also to investigate the influence of the length of excavation on the FS. Several parameters that will affect the stability of basal heave were taken into account. These parameters are the length of excavation (L), the stiffness of the wall (EI) and the wall penetration below the base of excavation (D). A total of 24 cases were analyzed with different parameters. Six of these were analyzed using Plaxis 2D and the remaining 18 were analyzed using Plaxis 3D. In Plaxis 3D, all 3 parameters were taken into account whereas in Plaxis 2D, only 2 of the parameters, excluding L, were taken into account. The result shows that factor of safety for both Plaxis 2D and Plaxis 3D increases with decreasing L, increasing D and EI. An attempt for comparison was made between the factor of safety for 2D and 3D to investigate the capability in which to determine the length of excavation is significant enough to avoid using 3D. However due to time constraint, only coarse mesh was analyzed with Plaxis 3D.Bachelor of Engineering (Civil
Three-dimensional finite element analysis of braced excavations in clays
No full textBraced excavations are commonly used for constructing underground infrastructures in built-up metropolitan areas such as Singapore. Current design of braced excavations in clay soils relies mainly on two-dimensional plane strain finite element analysis. However, due to the inability to take account of the effects of the length of the excavation and the associated restraints from the secondary walls at the two ends of the excavation, the plane strain analysis may not be reliable to predict the excavation behaviour accurately. This thesis presents some practical guidelines and approaches for the design of braced excavations in clays by carrying out three-dimensional finite element analysis with non-linear constitutive soil models. In addition, some comparisons are carried out to assess the accuracy of conventional design methods and charts with the results from two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite element analyses.
The total stress Mohr-Coulomb constitutive soil model was used to investigate the basal heave stability for braced excavations in clay. The factor of safety against basal heave was determined using the shear strength reduction technique. The results generally show that the factor of safety from three-dimensional analysis is larger than that from plane strain analysis, due to the restraining effects from the secondary walls and bracing system. In addition, the wall system stiffness is found to influence the factor of safety. The increase of the excavation length to width ratio (L/B ratio) also leads to a reduction of the factor of safety. The factor of safety determined using the conventional modified Terzaghi’s method which accounts for the wall embedment depth D agrees well with the results from the plane strain analyses. Based on the results of this parametric study, a simplified empirical equation is developed for determining the FS that takes these 3D effects into consideration.
Plane strain and three-dimensional finite element analyses using the non-linear hardening soil model were also carried out to investigate the wall deflection behaviour, the wall bending moments and the strut forces. The results indicate that the increase of L/B ratio leads to the increase of the maximum horizontal wall deflection when L/B ratio is smaller than 3.4, and the increase of D/B ratio helps to restrain the maximum horizontal wall deflection. By incorporating the L/B and D/B ratios into a relative stiffness ratio, a semi-empirical closed-form equation is proposed to estimate the maximum horizontal wall deflection in clays. For the bracing system, the strut forces and apparent earth pressures are examined. The results show the rate of increase of the strut force diminishes after the installation of the next level of struts, so that the lowest strut carries the maximum load before the next level of struts is installed. As Peck’s apparent pressure diagram (APD) is found to under-predict the strut forces, a modified APD has been proposed in this study.
In the design of braced excavation systems in Singapore, one of the requirements by the building authorities is to perform one-strut failure analyses, in order to ensure that there is no progressive collapse when one strut is damaged due to a construction accident. This evaluation is normally carried out using plane strain analysis. The three-dimensional one-strut failure analysis carried out in this study shows that the load of the failed strut is transferred horizontally, vertically and diagonally across to the adjacent struts. Consequently, the plane strain analyses would result in fairly conservative (i.e., larger) estimates of the loads transferred to the adjacent struts from the failed strut.Doctor of Philosophy (CEE
On optimum size limit for the Gulf of Gdańsk flounder stock
No full textThe protective size limit of flounder Platichthys flesus L. at the present exploitation level (F = 0.40) was estimated by means of two methods: the Beverton and Holt on the one hand and the Goh on the other. Regardless of the procedure used, it was found advisable to increase the present protective size limit (21.0 cm). In the author′s opinion, the Goh method assuming a limited fishing season yields more reliable results. The author proposes to increase the flounder protective size limit from 21.0 to 24.0 cm
Three-dimensional analysis of basal heave for excavations with diaphragm walls
No full textPlane Strain (two-dimensional) analysis is regularly used by engineers to design braced excavation system as three dimensional analysis is very computational expensive and time consuming. However, the results from plane strain analysis can be excessively conservative when the length of the excavation is small. Both plane strain (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) finite element analyses were carried out in this study. The main aim of this study was to determine the influence of the embedment wall depth (D), excavation length (L) and wall thickness (d) on the performance of a braced diaphragm wall system. The results are compared in terms of compressive strut force, lateral wall movements and basal heave factor of safety. The Plane strain ratio (PSR) which is defined as the maximum wall deflection from 3D analysis divided by the maximum wall deflection from 2D analysis is used to compare the wall performance for a number of different excavation and wall geometries. The finite element analyses indicate that the basal heave factor of safety is proportional to the embedment wall depth and wall thickness, but inversely proportional to the excavation length. The increase in wall embedment depth had a more significant influence on the lateral wall deflection, strut force and basal heave factor of safety for a 1.0 m thick diaphragm wall compared with a 0.6 m thick diaphragm wall. In general, the two dimensional analysis gives the most conservative results compared with the three-dimensional analysis, particularly when the length of the excavation is small.Bachelor of Engineering (Civil
A few respectable steps behind the world? Gay and lesbian rights in contemporary Singapore
No full textAssociation between different methods of assessing blood pressure variability and incident cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality : a systematic review
No full textDr Smith is supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health. Dr Choon-Hian Goh is supported by the University of Malaya Post Doctoral Research Fellowship scheme. No funding was received to undertake the conduct of this study.Peer reviewe
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