1,721,274 research outputs found
Tsien Che-Hao. La Chine. Comment ils sont gouvernés
No full textLévy Roger. Tsien Che-Hao. La Chine. Comment ils sont gouvernés. In: Politique étrangère, n°5 - 1977 - 42ᵉannée. pp. 535-537
由地下水位隨氣壓變化估算儲水係數之可行性研究
No full text地下水位受抽水、降雨、地震、潮汐等因素影響而變化。而欲瞭解含水層儲水係數通常以現地複井抽水試驗估算，本研究則嘗試利用地下水位隨氣壓之變化求取含水層氣壓效率，進一步估算含水層之儲水係數，並評估此估算方式之可行性。
濁水溪沖積扇地下水觀測網井站水位記錄顯示，不同含水層類別之地下水位受降雨、抽水、地震、潮汐、氣壓等因素影響而有不同之地下水位變化特性。排除氣壓以外因素引起之地下水位資料，針對具備複井抽水試驗之井站，求取其氣壓效率並估算其儲水係數，發現估算結果與複井抽水試驗所求取之儲水係數相近，兩者誤差為47.4%至-56.2%。進一步分析濁水溪沖積扇地下水觀測網其他僅受氣壓因素影響之井站，計算於11次颱風期間所得之氣壓效率，發現各井站之氣壓效率於不同颱風期間所得結果相近，可見估算之氣壓效率具備重複性。另外分析精度較高之地下水位與氣壓資料，發現利用每日觀測到之地下水位隨氣壓之變化求得之氣壓效率亦具備重複性。
整體而言，利用地下水位隨氣壓之變化估算含水層儲水係數具有可行性，而且具有經濟效益。但在資料選取階段，必須確實排除受到其他因素影響之水位資料，採用精度較高之水位、氣壓資料，方可針對儲水係數較大，氣壓效率較小之含水層進行估算。致謝………………………………………………………………………i
摘要……………………………………………………………………ii
目錄……………………………………………………………………iii
圖目…………………………………………………………………… v
表目……………………………………………………………………vi
第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………1
1.1 研究動機與目的……………………………………………1
1.2 研究方法……………………………………………………1
第二章 前人研究……………………………………………………3
第三章 自由含水層與受壓含水層之水位變化……………………8
3.1 研究區域……………………………………………………8
3.2 時水位變化……………………………………………………10
3.3 抽水……………………………………………………………15
3.4 降雨…….……………………………………………………...15
3.5 地震…….……………………………………………………...16
3.6 氣壓……………………………………………………………18
3.7 潮汐……………………………………………………………20
第四章 氣壓效率與儲水係數……………………………………23
4.1基本理論………………………………………………………..23
4.2資料選取與校正………………………………………………..26
4.2.1氣壓資料…………………………………………………27
4.2.2地下水位…………………………………………………29
4.3驗證與試算結果………………………………………………..32
4.3.1複井抽水試驗驗證………………………………………32
4.3.2氣壓效率之重複性 ……………………………………..35
第五章 討論……………………………………………………………42
5.1地下水位變化與含水層種類…………………………………..42
5.2資料精準度與誤差問題………………………………………..43
5.3氣壓效率與時間延遲…………………………………………..43
第六章 結論與建議……………………………………………………45
參考文獻………………………………………………………………46
附錄A……………………………………………………………………51
圖目
圖2.1 以水位變化總和線性回歸求取氣壓效率………………………5
圖2.2美國整治場址自由含水層監測井之地下水位記錄…………….6
圖3.1濁水溪沖積扇地區地下水觀測網計畫井站位置……………….9
圖3.2 1999年二水站時水位變化……………………………………10
圖3.3 1999年和豐一號井時水位變化……………………………….11
圖3.4 1999年線西四號井時水位變化………………………………11
圖3.5 1999年合興站地下水位與雨量關係圖……………………….16
圖3.6 1999年合興站地下水位圖…………………………………….17
圖3.7 1999年溪洲一號井地下水位與氣壓關係圖…………………19
圖3.8 1997年合興三號井地下水位與氣壓關係圖………………….19
圖3.9 1999年海園四號井水位圖…………………………………….21
圖3.10 1999年全興站水位圖…………………………………………21
圖3.11全興站之井測資料……………………………………………22
圖4.1氣壓變化引起之地下水位變化…………………………………25
圖4.2 民國88年台中與嘉義氣壓變化圖…………………………...27
圖4.3 合興三號井1999年6月1日至11日
水位與氣壓關係圖………..…………………………………29
圖4.4 合興三號井1999年8月16日至31日
水位與氣壓關係圖………..…………………………………....30
圖4.5 合興三號井1999年10月2日至16日
水位與氣壓關係圖………..…………………………………....31
圖4.6 那菝井2004年2月1日至29日
水位與氣壓關係圖………..…………………………………....40
圖5.1 1999年田中二號井時水位變化……………………………..41
圖5.2 1998年田中二號井時水位變化……………………….…..43
表目
表2.1影響地下水位變化因素…………………………………………7
表3.1濁水溪沖積扇抽水試驗井站站況一覽表………………………12
表4.1 1997-2000年颱風資料…………………………………………28
表4.2合興三號井儲水係數估算結果…………………………………34
表4.3港後四號井儲水係數估算結果…………………………………34
表4.4彰化地區颱風期間各井站之氣壓效率…………………………36
表4.5雲林地區颱風期間各井站之氣壓效率…………………………37
表4.6氣壓效率重複次數與估算儲水係數一覽表……………………40
表4.7台南那菝站2004年二月至五月之氣壓效率……………..……41
表A.1好修四號井氣壓效率及儲水係數估算結果……………..……52
表A.2合興三號井氣壓效率及儲水係數估算結果…………………..52
表A.3田中二號井氣壓效率及儲水係數估算結果……………..……53
表A.4花壇二號井氣壓效率及儲水係數估算結果…………..………53
表A.5花壇四號井氣壓效率及儲水係數估算結果………………..…54
表A.6線西四號井氣壓效率及儲水係數估算結果…………………..54
表A.7田尾二號井氣壓效率及儲水係數估算結果…………………..54
表A.8趙甲三號井氣壓效率及儲水係數估算結果…………………..55
表A.9港後四號井氣壓效率及儲水係數估算結果…………………..56表A.10坪頂一號井氣壓效率及儲水係數估算結果…………….…..5
Applying the Concept of Common Commonality on Product Design
No full text隨著市場上消費者對於產品的多樣性需求增加，企業也不斷研發各式各樣的產品以滿足消費者的需求。但是企業在開發產品時，若是沒有完善的事前規劃，隨著產品種類增加，所需要的原物料種類也會隨之上升，造成管理上的困難以及物料存貨的積壓。 本研究從企業利潤的觀點出發，考量產品與原物料之間的配置關係，提出一個藉由共同性物料的概念統一不同產品間部分的原物料，以精簡原物料種類的方式，建立最適化產品與原物料配置情況之模型，並利用從企業得到的實際資料，結合基因演算法的概念進行模型求解，希望能夠提供一個最適的產品生產數量以及產品與物料配置情況給企業做參考。 透過本研究提出的模型，配合實際資料以及導入基因演算法的觀念求解，我們可以發現當企業變更目前產品與物料的配置情況，透過使用共同性物料的效益，將可以有效的減少企業在生產產品時的成本，同時也可以藉由減少原物料的種類，降低企業在管理物料上的困難。 此外透過敏感度分析可以發現當訂購成本低於一定水準時，企業的最佳策略是維持企業原始的產品與物料模組配置關係；隨著訂購成本增加，企業將可以針對部分設置成本較低的生產線進行變動，透過共同性物料的效益來減低訂購成本，使得企業的利潤增加；當訂購成本超過一定水準時，企業最佳策略是將所有產品的原物料都統一成共同性物料，以減少製造的成本，增加企業利潤。謝詞 i要 iibstract iii錄 iv目錄 vi目錄 vii一章 緒論 1.1研究動機 1.2研究目的 2.3研究架構 3.4論文架構 4二章 文獻探討 5.1 供應鏈管理(Supply Chain Management) 5.2 共同性物料 6.2.1共同性物料模型 6.2.2共同性物料指標 7.3 基因演算法(Genetic Algorithm, GA) 9.4 小結 10三章 模型建立與求解 12.1模型情境說明 12.2模型建立 13.2.1基本假設 13.2.2符號說明 13.2.3 數學模型 16.2.4 數學模型說明 17.3.1 模型分析 18.3.2 線性規劃 19.3.3.1 重新分組 20.3.3.2 模型成本特性分析 21.3.3.3 選擇母代(parents) 22.3.3.4 交配(Crossover) 23.3.3.5 突變(Mutation) 24.3.4 疊代求解 25四章 情境分析 26.1 目前狀況與實際資料敘述 26.1.1 資料 26.1.2 與實際資料相關的假設 34.2 情境分析 34.2.1 原始情境 35.2.2 最適模組配置 36.2.3 訂購成本之敏感度分析 37.3 小結 39五章 結論與未來研究方向 40.1研究結論 40.2研究貢獻 41.3研究限制 41.4未來研究方向 41考文獻 4
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Using Regional Waveform Source Inversion to Investigate the Earthquake Properties in Eastern Black Sea and the Javakheti Highland in the Lesser Caucasus
No full text阿拉伯板塊和歐亞板塊之間的碰撞在土耳其產生大型橫移斷層、將東安納托尼亞抬升為高原、並在高加索形成山脈。然而高加索旁邊的黑海區域，是個相對穩定的構造，也鮮少中大規模地震的發生。過去的研究裡高加索地區的震源機制多是利用遠震的波形資料針對中大規模的地震求解，小地震的研究較為缺乏，約束也較差。本研究使用新的測站陣列，設定東經40–47度、北緯40–44度為研究範圍，以區域波形資料分析2012年1月1日至2014年5月30日間、規模3.5以上的地震之震源機制和深度，新增地震共20筆，並更新4筆前人結果，主要成果在東部黑海以及小高加索扎瓦赫季高地兩區域。 其中2012年12月23日在東黑海區域的Shatskty Ridge發生一起規模5.8之地震序列，為地震網架設期間所難得紀錄到之地震事件，位處複雜的拉張大陸地殼上。本研究之震源機制結果顯示這一序列共六個主餘震全部為走向滑移的型態，破裂深度為20-30公里，五個機制解的位置呈西北西–東南東走向並與其中一斷層面方位相符，判定主震為左移斷層，另一群餘震向東北方較淺處分布。根據鄰近區域的震測剖面資料，我們推斷本地震的發生可能發生在過去弧後張裂所生成之舊有正斷層系統上，受現今擠壓應力重新發育成走向滑移斷層，而主震發生後，又引發了東北方另一條走向滑移斷層的錯動，次斷層走向與主斷裂垂相直，可對應至洋盆張裂期形成的轉型斷層。 另外，在群震頻繁的小高加索扎瓦赫季火山高地上已累積共20個震源機制，大多為走向滑移斷層，僅在北部出現3個小的逆衝事件，我們發現在扎瓦赫季山脊東部的走向滑移地震帶有少許東西拉張分量，和地表上的正斷層及GPS的東西相對運動相符。The continental collision between Arabia and Eurasia created the strike-slip fault conjugates in Anatolia as well as the folds and thrust belts in the Caucasus Mountains. The Black Sea, on the contrary, is tectonically stable and absent of notable earthquakes. In previous studies, focal mechanisms in the Caucasus regions are determined primarily for large earthquakes using global waveform data. Small earthquakes are primarily studied with polarity data, thus the reliability of focal mechanisms highly depends on station coverage. In this study we use regional waveforms of a new seismic array to constrain the focal mechanisms and depths of the earthquakes with M>3.5 in the Greater Caucasus, Trans-Lesser Caucasus (mainly in Javakheti Highland) and the eastern Black Sea. There is a total of 20 new events for the studied area (Latitude 40–44⁰N and Longitude 40–47⁰E) in time period 2012.01.01–2014.05.30. We also update 4 focal mechanisms from previous study. On December 12 of 2012, an M 5.8 earthquake sequence occurred in the eastern Black Sea region beneath an extended continental margin called Shatsky Ridge. The fault plane solutions of the main shock and 5 aftershocks are all in strike-slip faulting. Depth of rupture is as deep as ~30 km. Location of five focal mechanisms is aligned at WNW-ESE direction, which coincides with one of the fault plane, indicating left-lateral slip. A group of small aftershocks scattered toward northeast direction at shallower depth. Based on the seismic reflection profiles nearby, we conclude that the main rupture fall along the existing normal fault created associated with back-arc spreading of Eastern Black Sea basin in the past, but now reactivated as strike-slip due to compressive stress. A second rupture is triggered along a conjugate fault perpendicular to the main fault, which can be correlated with a transform fault developed during the ocean spreading. Javakheti is a volcanic highland where swarms of small earthquakes are continuously occurring in its eastern ridge. Collectively, the total of 20 earthquakes here is dominated by strike-slip faulting. Only three small thrust events are found in north of the swarm area. Earthquakes in eastern foothill of Javakheti ridge show small amount of normal-faulting component, which indicates east-west extension, consistent with the fault outcrops nearby and the east-west relative motion form GPS data
Determinants of the investment-linked insurance in Taiwan
No full text台灣投資型保費收入自2003年起快速攀升，於2007 投資型商品銷售達到高峰，其新契約保費收入佔所有壽險新契約高達62%。受2008年金融海嘯之影響，投資型保險新契約保費收入佔壽險新契約比重急速下降至35%，而在2009~2012年期間持續下滑。本研究為探討影響投資型保單之因素，以2003-2013年12家壽險公司的投資型保險新契約保單面額資料進行實證研究，以追蹤資料迴歸之固定效果模型及隨機效果模型進行分析。使用解釋變數包含壽險公司淨值、平均每人國民所得、儲蓄率、五大行庫一年期存款利率、美元兌換新台幣匯率、MSCI全球股價指數、摩根大通全球債券指數、及境內及境外基金數目，最後探討各變數對本國壽險公司及外商壽險公司之影響是否具有差異。 實證結果發現，平均每人國民所得、美元兌換新台幣匯率、MSCI全球股價指數、及境內及境外基金數目顯著正向影響投資型保單。而儲蓄率、五大行庫一年期存款利率、與摩根大通全球債券指數顯著負向影響投資型保單。就本國及外商壽險公司而言，平均每人國民所得、及美元兌換台幣之匯率對投資型保單皆為顯著正向影響，而儲蓄率為顯著負向影響。MSCI全球股價指數、及摩根大通全球債券指數僅對本國壽險公司具統計顯著性，分別為正向影響、及負向影響。境內及境外基金數目僅對外商壽險公司具顯著正向影響。Taiwan’s investment-linked new insurance premium saw a rapid growth since 2003. The investment-linked insurance new insurance premium reached peak in 2007, where the investment-linked new insurance premium as a percentage of total life insurance new premium reached 62%. However affected by financial tsunami in 2008, the investment-linked new policy premium as a percentage of total life insurance new premium experience a significant decrease to 35%. And for the period of 2009~2012, the percentage continued to fall. This paper investigated the factors that affect the investment-linked insurance in Taiwan. We used 12 insurance companies’ investment-linked new insurance policy’s face value as explained variable, and used panel data’s fixed effect model and random effect model in analysis. We used insurance companies’ equity value、average income per capita、saving rate、one year term deposit rate of five largest banks、USD/NTD exchange rate、MSCI world stock index、J.P. Morgan Global Aggregate Bond Index and the number of domestic and foreign funds as explanatory variables. Finally, we examined if the effect on the domestic and foreign insurance companies are different. The empirical results shows that there is a positive correlation between average income per capita、USD/NTD exchange rate、MSCI world stock index and the number of domestic and foreign funds with investment-linked insurance. Whereas saving rate、one year term deposit rate of five largest banks、and J.P. Morgan Global Aggregate Bond Index are negatively correlated with investment-linked insurance. Furthermore, both domestic and foreign insurance companies are positively affected by average income per capita and USD/NTD exchange rate, and negatively affected by the saving rate. Only domestic insurance companies are positively affected by MSCI world stock index, and negatively affected by J.P. Morgan Global Aggregate Bond Index. The number of domestic and foreign funds have only positive effect on the foreign insurance companies
Gold Nanoparticles Conjugated with Methylene Blue for Photodynamic Therapy
No full text光動力治療主要是經由讓目標細胞將光敏劑攝入後，以特定波長之雷射光激發產生自由基來達到殺死目標細胞之效果。光動力治療通常會遭遇到兩個問題:光敏劑的暗毒性以及光敏劑在目標細胞與正常體細胞之間的低選擇性。本研究中選擇海拉細胞(Hela cell)來做為光動力治療之目標細胞，光敏劑則選用亞甲基藍。為降低亞甲基藍之暗毒性，本研究中將亞甲基藍與經由水熱反應合成之奈米金粒子藉由亞甲基藍與奈米金粒子表面poly styrene-alt-maleic acid (PSMA) 高分子層之分子間作用力來做結合以獲得一具有光敏劑性質的奈米複合物。
本研究中中利用UV-visible光譜儀、電子穿隧式顯微鏡、X光散射儀與界面電位分析儀來分析亞甲基藍-金奈米複合物之物理及光學性質，此外還應用9, 10-Anthracenediyl-bis(methylene) dimalonic acid (ABDA)來檢測此複合物在波長660奈米雷射激發下產生自由基之能力。結果顯示亞甲基藍-金奈米複合物可以成功被合成而且亞甲基藍的光學性質與產生自由基之能力在與奈米金粒子結合後依然被保留。本研究接著選用海拉細胞(Hela cell)來做複合物之毒性測試，在與奈米金粒子接合後，亞甲基藍的暗毒性有效地被降低，並且在功率100 mW波長660奈米雷射照射4分鐘之下可以保有與純亞甲基藍相近之光動力治療效率。另外，為了提升複合物的癌細胞標靶能力，本研究中將運鐵蛋白藉由EDC/NHS反應與複合物接合以提升複合物在目標細胞(海拉細胞)與非癌正常細胞(3T3纖維母細胞)之間的選擇性，之後使用原子吸收光譜儀來做細胞內複合物胞吞量之定量。此外，本研究中還使用2′, 7′-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA)與螢光顯微鏡來偵測細胞內部之自由基產生。結果顯示運鐵蛋白可以有效提升癌細胞標靶能力，並且在細胞實驗中證實可以顯著提升光動力治療效果。最後，藉由Annexin V-FITC/PI螢光染色分析，我們發現大多數細胞是死於細胞凋亡。
本研究成功合成一能搭載光敏劑且同時具備高生物相容性和癌細胞標靶能力之多功能奈米複合物。我們希望能應用此複合物在施行癌症之光動力治療上，以期能有效減少治療之副作用，並且能夠以更少劑量去達到更大的治療效果。Photodynamic therapy (PDT) mainly involves cellular uptake of photosensitizer (PS) and excitation of light at specific wavelength to induce generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the targeted cells. This approach usually suffers from two main deficiencies: dark toxicity of PS and poor selectivity of cellular uptake between targeted cells and normal tissues.
In this work, a known effective PS, methylene blue (MB) which can be excited by 660 nm red light source was chosen. Hela cells were used as targeted cells for PDT. To address obstacles in PDT, the MB conjugated Au nanocomposites were prepared via a hydrothermal synthesis method following by an intermolecular interaction between a poly styrene-alt-maleic acid (PSMA) layer on the Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) and MB.
The structure and optical property of MB-AuNP conjugate were characterized by UV-visible spectrometer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction pattern, and zeta-potential analysis. Furthermore, generation of ROS from MB-AuNP conjugate after excitation of 100 mW hand-held laser at 660 nm wavelength was detected by using 9, 10-Anthracenediyl-bis(methylene) dimalonic acid (ABDA). Results indicated that the MB-AuNP conjugate was successfully prepared by wet-chemistry reaction since the optical property of MB was remained after conjugation. Then toxic effect of MB-AuNP conjugate on Hela cell was examined. With a single 4 min hand-held 100 mW laser treatment, cell works proved that AuNPs as goodness carrier could effectively reduce the cell toxicity of MB and still remain the PDT efficiency. Moreover, transferrin (Tf) was grafted on the particles via EDC/NHS reaction and followed by MB attachment as Tf-MB-AuNP conjugate to enhance the selectivity of cellular uptake between cancer cells (Hela cell) and non-malignant cells (3T3 cell, fibroblast). Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AA) was used for cellular uptake quantification. In vitro ROS generation was also monitored by 2′, 7′-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA). It was shown that Tf could effectively promote cancer cell targeting. In addition, Tf-MB-AuNP was proved that could enhance PDT efficiency significantly in cell works. Finally, cell death pathway was found to be mainly apoptosis by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining.
We proposed that by applying this biocompatible and cancer cell targeting Tf-MB-AuNP conjugate for PDT treatment could simultaneously reduce dark toxicity of MB and enhance the photodynamic therapy efficiency. This multi-functional AuNP could provide a less harmful alternative for PDT in cancer treatments.口試委員會審定書 #
誌謝 i
中文摘要 iii
ABSTRACT v
CONTENTS vii
LIST OF FIGURES x
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Photodynamic Therapy 1
1.2 Design of Multi-functional Nanoparticle 3
1.2.1 Methylene Blue 4
1.2.2 Gold Nanoparticle 8
1.2.3 Transferrin 11
1.3 Research Framework 13
Chapter 2 Material and Methods 15
2.1 Materials 15
2.2 Equipment 16
2.3 Solution formula 18
2.3.1 Phosphate Buffered Saline Solution (PBS), pH 7.4 18
2.3.2 DMEM-HG Culture Medium 18
2.3.3 MTT Assay Working Solution 19
2.3.4 MES Buffer Solution, pH 5.5 19
2.3.5 BCA Assay Working Solution 19
2.3.6 DCFH-DA Stock Solution 19
2.4 Methods 20
2.4.1 Cell culture (Hela cell, 3T3 fibroblast) 20
2.4.2 AuNP 20
2.4.2.1 Sythesis of AuNP 20
2.4.2.2 Characteriztion 21
2.4.3 MB-AuNP conjugate 21
2.4.3.1 Preparation of MB-AuNP conjugate 21
2.4.3.2 Optical property examination 21
2.4.3.3 Stability test 22
2.4.3.4 ROS generation test – ABDA method 22
2.4.3.5 In vitro cell toxicity test – MTT assay 23
2.4.4 Tf-AuNP conjugate 24
2.4.4.1 Surface modification – EDC/NHS reaction 24
2.4.4.2 Cellular uptake quantification 26
2.4.5 Tf-MB-AuNP conjugate 27
2.4.5.1 Preparation of Tf-MB-AuNP conjugate 27
2.4.5.2 ROS generation monitoring – DCFH-DA staining 27
2.4.5.3 Cancer cell targeting effect on PDT – MTT assay 29
2.4.6 Cell death pathway 29
2.4.6.1 Annexin V-FITC/PI staining 29
2.5 Statistical Analysis 31
Chapter 3 Results and discussion 40
3.1 Characterization of AuNP 40
3.2 MB-AuNP conjugate 40
3.2.1 Optical property of MB-AuNP conjugate 40
3.2.2 Stability test on MB-AuNP conjugate 41
3.2.3 ROS generation test – ABDA method 42
3.2.4 In vitro cell toxicity test – MTT assay 42
3.3 Tf-AuNP conjugate 43
3.3.1 Surface modification – EDC/NHS reaction 43
3.3.2 Cellular uptake quantification 43
3.4 Tf-MB-AuNP conjugate 44
3.4.1 Optical property of Tf-MB-AuNP conjugate 44
3.4.2 ROS generation monitoring – DCFH-DA staining 45
3.4.3 Cancer cell targeting effect on PDT – MTT assay 46
3.5 Cell death pathway 46
3.5.1 Annexin V-FITC/PI staining 46
CONCLUSION 58
FUTURE PROSPECTIVES 60
APPENDIX 62
REFERENCE 6
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