128,142 research outputs found
Lipid based nanoparticles: SLN, NLC and MAD
No full textLipid-based nanosystems have been widely proposed as novel drug carrier systems since they have gained interest as matrixes able to dissolve and to control the delivery of active molecules, on one hand improving their solubility in water and their bioavailability and on the other reducing side-effects. Among nanoparticles based on lipids one can mention (a) solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) that add up the benefit of colloidal lipid emulsions and those of solid matrix particles; (b) nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), an evolution of SLN typified by a blend of a solid lipid matrix and a liquid lipid phase and (c) monooleine aqueous dispersions (MAD) that are heterogeneous systems made by a complex lyotropic liquid crystalline nanostructures such as micelles and lamellar, hexagonal, and cubic phases. Concerning their morphological characterization, X-ray diffraction and microscopy are used in order to obtain information about shape, inner structure, dimensions of powders and dispersions that could not otherwise be identified. Notably, this chapter provides an overview of the above mentioned lipid-based nanosystems loaded with some phytoconstituents studied by our research group
Surface Treatments for p−i−n Perovskite Solar Cells
No full textThe performances of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) largely depend on the perovskite compositions and the selection of electron and hole transport layers (ETLs and HTLs). The p-type NiOx films are largely used as HTLs in p-i-n PSCs, thanks to their high transparency, processing versatility, cost-effectiveness, and easy integration within tandem devices. Several studies have shown that surface modifications on NiOx films remove the surface defects, increase the NiOx conductivity, and alter the band offset, consequently improving the interfaces between NiOx films and the perovskite active layer. Indeed, besides improving the NiOx intrinsic properties, the surface treatments also lead, in many cases, to superior perovskite quality driving high photovoltaic performance
POLYMERIC COLLOIDAL CARRIERS FOR NATURAL POLYPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS
No full textNatural polyphenolic compounds are major micronutrients in our diet. They possess interesting antioxidant properties and play an important dietary role in reducing the risk of inflammation, neurodegenerative, and chronic diseases such as dysmetabolic pathologies. These abilities make polyphenols interesting for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical fields. Unfortunately, they have a series of drawbacks that reduce their use such as high molecular weight, complex chemical structure, low water solubility, sensitivity to light and heat with consequently limited stability, and product shelf life. All these factors reduce bioavailability; limited dissolution rate and degradation at extreme pH values, resulting in less or no therapeutic effects. Besides that, polyphenols have extensive phase II metabolism and rapid elimination. Oral use and patient compliance are often limited by their astringent and bitter taste.
The formulation of polymeric colloidal carriers could overcome these drawbacks allowing more efficient and stable products. This chapter will focus on the relevant recent scientific literature in the past few years regarding this topic. In particular, we analyzed the use of biocompatible natural and synthetic polymers able to formulate micro- and nanosystems with an improvement of the physicochemical, biological, and technological polyphenolic characteristics
Human-leopard conflict in Mandi district, Himachal Pradesh, India
No full textKumar, D., Chauhan, N.P.S
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Effect of harvest methods on the second flush yield of short-duration pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan)
No full textShort-duration pigeonpea can give up to three harvests in environments with mild winters (e.g. minimum temperature above 10 °C) such as those prevailing in peninsular India (Sharma, Saxena & Green. 1978; Chauhan, Venkataratnam & Sheldrake, 1984). This is mainly due to the short time (about 120 days) taken to produce the first flush, and the strong perennial character of pigeonpea. The seed yield of short-duration pigeonpea in this multiple-harvest system may reach 5·2 t/ha (Chauhan et al. 198
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Performance analysis of junction-less double Gate n-p-n impact ionization MOS transistor (JLDG n-IMOS)
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