1,720,967 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Traduzione automatica di metafore ed espressioni idiomatiche dall’italiano in greco
No full textIn the era of multilingualism and globalization, the demand for translation services is continuously increasing. Translation technology, including machine translation, significantly contributes not only to translate faster but also provide better quality translations. The big demand for translation services creates the need for machine translation post-editors to ensure that the translations transmit a fully understandable message in the target language. The term "machine translation post-editing", which should not be confused with translation, refers to the process of optimizing the quality of a machine-translated text. It’s a new role that a translator acquires through training, as it requires special handling and better memory management since the machine translation outputs contain different types of errors than the translation memories. This doctoral thesis falls within the field of Applied translation studies which is subdivided into translator training, translation aids and translation criticism. The purpose of our study is to investigate, through translation evaluation, whether translation technology and, in particular, the use of translation aids, machine translation and concordance search improve the quality of translations and if it is a useful aid for the translator's work. Through the literature review, we describe the advantages and disadvantages of translation technology and its contribution to the translation process. We examine the modern translator’s profile and we refer to the differences between machine translation post-editing and translation in order to propose a translation strategy methodology that will help translators produce effective communication translations, when post-editing machine-translated raw output. To investigate the thesis cases, we designed an experimental setup in which five translation students were involved. We created a questionnaire with general questions and translation tasks, using authentic Italian texts which include idioms and metaphors with the multi-meaning verb fare (= to do). The participants were asked to fill in the questionnaire and translate the tasks into Greek emphasizing on the translation of the idioms and metaphors. Part of them, i.e. 10 sentences, were translated in a conventional way, therefore, without the support of any translation aid. For the remaining 20 sentences, translators were provided with machine-translated suggestions as well as results of concordance search for each idiom. From the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the translations we conclude that the machine-translation raw output after the post-editing stage is better in quality compared to the translations for which the translators had no means of aid. Although the results are encouraging, there are cases of translations that are stylistically, pragmatically and/or morphologically lagged, resulting in loss of meaning in the target language. We are also involved in the study of translators' performance using translation technology, translation unit management, working memory management as well as evaluation of translation quality through the translation declaration of the subjects.Στην εποχή της πολυγλωσσίας και της παγκοσμιοποίησης όπου ζούμε, η ανάγκη για μεταφραστικές υπηρεσίες συνεχώς αυξάνεται. Η μεταφραστική τεχνολογία, συμπεριλαμβανομένης της αυτόματης μετάφρασης συμβάλλει σημαντικά όχι μόνο στην ταχύτητα αλλά και στην ποιότητα των μεταφρασμάτων. Η ζήτηση για μεταφραστικές υπηρεσίες, δημιουργεί την ανάγκη για επιμέλεια των εξαγομένων αυτόματης μετάφρασης ώστε αυτά να αποδίδουν ένα πλήρως κατανοητό μήνυμα στη γλώσσα-στόχο. Ο όρος επιμέλεια αυτόματης μετάφρασης, ο οποίος δεν πρέπει να συγχέεται με τη μετάφραση, αναφέρεται στη διαδικασία βελτιστοποίησης της ποιότητας ενός κειμένου που μεταφράστηκε αυτόματα. Πρόκειται για νέο ρόλο τον οποίο ένας μεταφραστής αποκτά μέσω εκπαίδευσης, καθώς απαιτεί ιδιαίτερο χειρισμό και καλύτερη διαχείριση της μνήμης-του δεδομένου ότι τα εξαγόμενα της αυτόματης μετάφρασης περιέχουν διαφορετικού τύπου λάθη σε σχέση με τις μεταφραστικές μνήμες. Η παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή εντάσσεται στο πεδίο της εφαρμοσμένης μεταφρασεολογίας το οποίο υποδιαιρείται στην εκπαίδευση μεταφραστών, στα μεταφραστικά εργαλεία και στην κριτική της μετάφρασης. Στόχος της μελέτης μας είναι να διερευνήσουμε, μέσω της αξιολόγησης μεταφρασμάτων, αν η μεταφραστική τεχνολογία και συγκεκριμένα η χρήση των μεταφραστικών εργαλείων, της αυτόματης μετάφρασης και των συμφραστικών πινάκων, βελτιώνει την ποιότητα των μεταφρασμάτων και αν αυτή αποτελεί ένα χρήσιμο εφόδιο στο έργο του μεταφραστή. Μέσω της βιβλιογραφικής ανασκόπησης περιγράφουμε τα πλεονεκτήματα και τα μειονεκτήματα της μεταφραστικής τεχνολογίας και τη συμβολή τους στη μεταφραστική πράξη. Εξετάζουμε το προφίλ του σύγχρονου μεταφραστή και αναφερόμαστε στις διαφορές της επιμέλειας της αυτόματης μετάφρασης σε σχέση με τη μετάφραση με σκοπό να προτείνουμε μια μεθοδολογία μεταφραστικής στρατηγικής που θα βοηθήσει τους μεταφραστές να παραγάγουν επικοινωνιακά αποτελεσματικά μεταφράσματα κατά την επιμέλεια εξαγομένων αυτόματης μετάφρασης. Για την διερεύνηση των υποθέσεων της διατριβής σχεδιάσαμε πειραματική διαδικασία στην οποία συμμετείχαν πέντε εκπαιδευόμενοι μεταφραστές που παρακολουθούσαν το εισαγωγικό μάθημα «Μετάφραση με τη βοήθεια υπολογιστή» του Τμήματος Ιταλικής Γλώσσας και Φιλολογίας του ΑΠΘ κατά το ακαδημαϊκό έτος 2017-2018. Κατασκευάσαμε ένα ερωτηματολόγιο με γενικές ερωτήσεις και δοκιμασίες μετάφρασης αυθεντικών κειμένων ιταλικής οι οποίες εμπεριείχαν ιδιωτισμούς και μεταφορές με το πολύσημο ρήμα fare (= κάνω). Ζητήθηκε από τα υποκείμενα της έρευνας να συμπληρώσουν το ερωτηματολόγιο και να μεταφράσουν τις δοκιμασίες στην ελληνική δίνοντας έμφαση στη μετάφραση των ιδιωτισμών και των μεταφορών. Ορισμένες εξ αυτών, 10 προτάσεις, μεταφράστηκαν με τον παραδοσιακό τρόπο, δηλαδή χωρίς καμία υποστήριξη από μέσο μεταφραστικής τεχνολογίας ενώ για τις υπόλοιπες, 20 προτάσεις, οι μεταφραστές είχαν στη διάθεσή τους το εξαγόμενο της αυτόματης μετάφρασης καθώς και αποτελέσματα συμφραστικών πινάκων για τους ιδιωτισμούς. Από την ποιοτική και ποσοτική ανάλυση των μεταφρασμάτων συμπεραίνουμε ότι τα εξαγόμενα της αυτόματης μετάφρασης μετά το στάδιο της επιμέλειας είναι ποιοτικώς ανώτερα σε σχέση με τα μεταφράσματα για τα οποία οι μεταφραστές δεν είχαν κανένα μέσο βοήθειας. Αν και τα αποτελέσματα είναι ενθαρρυντικά, υπάρχουν περιπτώσεις μεταφρασμάτων που υστερούν υφολογικά, πραγματολογικά ή/και μορφολογικά, με αποτέλεσμα την απώλεια εκφραστικών χαρακτηριστικών του πρωτοτύπου στο δευτερογενές κείμενο. Ασχολούμαστε επίσης με τη μελέτη των μεταφραστικών ικανοτήτων των μεταφραστών με τη χρήση της μεταφραστικής τεχνολογίας, τη διαχείριση των μεταφραστικών μονάδων, τη διαχείριση της εργαζόμενης μνήμης και την αξιολόγηση της ποιότητας των μεταφράσεων μέσω των δηλωτικών πράξεων των υποκειμένων.Nell'era del multilinguismo e della globalizzazione, la domanda di servizi di traduzione è in costante aumento. La tecnologia di traduzione, inclusa la traduzione automatica, contribuisce in modo significativo non solo a tradurre più rapidamente, ma offre anche traduzioni di qualità migliore. La grande richiesta di servizi di traduzione crea la necessità di post-editor di traduzione automatica per garantire che le traduzioni trasmettano un messaggio comprensibile nella lingua di destinazione. Il termine "post-editing della traduzione automatica", che non deve essere confuso con la traduzione, si riferisce al processo di ottimizzazione della qualità di un testo tradotto automaticamente. È un nuovo ruolo che un traduttore acquisisce attraverso la formazione, poiché richiede una gestione speciale e una migliore gestione della memoria, dato che gli output di traduzione automatica contengono diversi tipi di errori rispetto alle memorie di traduzione. Questa tesi di dottorato rientra nel campo degli studi di traduzione applicata, che è suddiviso in formazione del traduttore, sussidi alla traduzione e critica della traduzione. Lo scopo del nostro studio è di indagare, attraverso la valutazione della traduzione, se la tecnologia di traduzione e, in particolare, l'uso di sussidi alla traduzione, la traduzione automatica e la concordanza migliorino la qualità delle traduzioni e se si tratti di un utile ausilio per il lavoro del traduttore. Attraverso lo studio della letteratura bibliografica, descriviamo i vantaggi e gli svantaggi della tecnologia di traduzione e il suo contributo al processo di traduzione. Analizziamo il profilo del traduttore moderno e facciamo riferimento alle differenze tra il post-editing di traduzione automatica e la traduzione al fine di proporre una metodologia di strategia di traduzione che aiuterà i traduttori a produrre traduzioni di comunicazione efficaci, mentre fanno post-editing dell'output grezzo della traduzione automatica. Per indagare sui casi di tesi, abbiamo progettato una configurazione sperimentale in cui erano coinvolti cinque studenti di traduzione. Abbiamo creato un questionario con domande generali e compiti di traduzione, utilizzando testi italiani autentici che includono espressioni idiomatiche con il polisemico verbo fare. Ai partecipanti è stato chiesto di compilare il questionario e tradurre le frasi in greco enfatizzando la traduzione delle espressioni idiomatiche e delle metafore. Parte di esse, ovvero 10 frasi, sono state tradotte in modo convenzionale, quindi, senza il supporto di alcun sussido alla traduzione. Per le restanti 20 frasi, ai traduttori sono stati forniti suggerimenti tradotti automaticamente e risultati di concordanza per ciascuna espressione idiomatica. Dall'analisi qualitativa e quantitativa delle traduzioni concludiamo che l'output grezzo della traduzione automatica dopo la fase di post-editing è migliore in termini di qualità rispetto alle traduzioni per le quali i traduttori non hanno avuto alcun aiuto. Sebbene i risultati siano incoraggianti, ci sono casi di traduzioni che, stilisticamente, pragmaticamente e/o morfologicamente, presentano difficoltà, con conseguente perdita di significato nella lingua di destinazione. Siamo anche coinvolti nello studio delle prestazioni dei traduttori utilizzando la tecnologia di traduzione, la gestione delle unità di traduzione, la gestione della memoria di lavoro e la valutazione della qualità della traduzione attraverso la dichiarazione di traduzione degli argomenti
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Η Αυτοματοποιημένη και μη-αυτοματοποιημένη αξιολόγηση συστήματος Στατιστικής Μηχανικής Μετάφρασης για το γλωσσικό ζεύγος Ελληνικά - Ιταλικά
Full text linkMachine Translation (MT) evaluation is a hard task considering the difficulties that raise from the translation process itself. In this paper we present the results of the evaluation of a Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) system in which the Moses decoder was trained for the language pair Greek-Italian. The evaluation task was both automatic and non–automatic (human). For the automatic evaluation, the metrics BLEU, NIST were used, while for the human evaluation, the adequacy and the fluency of the translated texts was evaluated. A corpus of 120 individual sentences were evaluated, (e.g. EU texts, scientific technical texts, subtitles, proverbs etc.), by postgraduate students of the direction of Translation, Interpretation and Communication of the Department of Italian Language and Literature of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. The first results show that SMT performs well when translating text of this typ
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