1,720,975 research outputs found
New dimensions of time poverty : the influence of work and family constraints on discretionary time in the UK
No full textDiscretionary time, that is, time not constrained by work activities that can be used at one's own discretion, is an important welfare resource, providing opportunities for social and political participation, rest, and recreation. Contrary to the optimism of earlier sociological literature that predicted a 'leisure revolution' driven by economic progress and technological automation in the workplace and the household, recent years have seen discretionary time becoming a key social policy concern, following numerous claims regarding the spread of a 'time famine' in Western societies (Hochschild 1997; Schor 1991). Providing access to the most accurate and detailed representative data on time allocation, time use surveys constitute a unique source of information for the study of discretionary time. However, the majority of existing time use analyses have focused on aggregate trends over time, and on the reconciliation of work and family responsibilities of working couples. Explicit investigations of the distribution and uses of discretionary time remain less common, despite the increasing diversity in working time and family circumstances in Western societies. This thesis rectifies this omission by examining temporal inequalities in contemporary Britain, with a focus on free time, leisure engagement, and sleep duration. Empirical analyses capitalise on the 2000 UK Time Use Survey, which is the most recent time use survey conducted in the country. Multivariate logistic regression techniques are applied to examine the influence of work and family on different temporal inequalities. A conceptually-grounded and gender-sensitive measurement of time poverty is advanced, documenting gender and class inequalities in the command of free time resources of British workers that were missed by previous measurement approaches. The research moves beyond the focus on time poverty's socio-economic correlates, and examines its associations with 'active' leisure and social participation, evidencing the validity of the proposed measurement, and showing that the value of free time varies according to whether it becomes available on a weekday or a weekend day. The thesis also provides the first examination of the association of short sleep with occupational and family circumstances, showing that gender differences in sleep are partly explained by men's stronger labour market engagement, and highlighting the influence of 'adverse' occupational circumstances on sleep patterns. Finally, an investigation of the relationship of free time with leisure participation for a sample of economically inactive people over 60 finds that the relinquishment of work roles has a gradual detrimental effect on men's leisure, and demonstrates that an increase in free time does not automatically coincide with higher participation.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
New Dimensions of Time Poverty: The Influence of Work and Family Constraints On Discretionary Time in The UK.
Full text linkDiscretionary time, that is, time not constrained by work activities that can be used at one's own discretion, is an important welfare resource, providing opportunities for social and political participation, rest, and recreation. Contrary to the optimism of earlier sociological literature that predicted a 'leisure revolution' driven by economic progress and technological automation in the workplace and the household, recent years have seen discretionary time becoming a key social policy concern, following numerous claims regarding the spread of a 'time famine' in Western societies (Hochschild 1997; Schor 1991). Providing access to the most accurate and detailed representative data on time allocation, time use surveys constitute a unique source of information for the study of discretionary time. However, the majority of existing time use analyses have focused on aggregate trends over time, and on the reconciliation of work and family responsibilities of working couples. Explicit investigations of the distribution and uses of discretionary time remain less common, despite the increasing diversity in working time and family circumstances in Western societies. This thesis rectifies this omission by examining temporal inequalities in contemporary Britain, with a focus on free time, leisure engagement, and sleep duration. Empirical analyses capitalise on the 2000 UK Time Use Survey, which is the most recent time use survey conducted in the country. Multivariate logistic regression techniques are applied to examine the influence of work and family on different temporal inequalities. A conceptually-grounded and gender-sensitive measurement of time poverty is advanced, documenting gender and class inequalities in the command of free time resources of British workers that were missed by previous measurement approaches. The research moves beyond the focus on time poverty's socio-economic correlates, and examines its associations with 'active' leisure and social participation, evidencing the validity of the proposed measurement, and showing that the value of free time varies according to whether it becomes available on a weekday or a weekend day. The thesis also provides the first examination of the association of short sleep with occupational and family circumstances, showing that gender differences in sleep are partly explained by men's stronger labour market engagement, and highlighting the influence of 'adverse' occupational circumstances on sleep patterns. Finally, an investigation of the relationship of free time with leisure participation for a sample of economically inactive people over 60 finds that the relinquishment of work roles has a gradual detrimental effect on men's leisure, and demonstrates that an increase in free time does not automatically coincide with higher participation. This thesis' contribution is both methodological and substantive: Measurement of temporal inequalities is improved, and novel categories in the study of work-life balance are introduced. Additionally, new insights concerning the influence of the temporal organization of the British labour market and of gender inequalities on non-work domains are generated
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Alone together: how mobile devices have changed family time
Full text linkThere is now widespread concern about the amount of time children spend staring at screens – with many people worried about the negative impacts mobile devices might have on health and well-being
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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