1,720,953 research outputs found
Climate-Geoengineering as Development: Applying the Capabilities Approach to Climate Responses in South- Asia
No full textThe significant range of climate change impacts and capacities to address climate change demands that responses be diverse and indigenized through a democratic process. In the case of climate geoengineering (CGE), the predominant views have come from scholars from the global North who have explored CGE research based on their perspectives and developed states' political and economic contexts. As the discussion surrounding CGE moves from the periphery to the center of climate policy debates, there is a need for more scholars from the global South to come forward and apply perspectives and theoretical lenses informed by the conditions experienced in the global South to the debates on CGE research and governance. Framing CGE as a set of climate responses that address the needs and values of the global South may increase the salience of these debates for developing countries. To this end, this dissertation develops a theoretical framework for examining CGE based on Amartya Sen's capabilities approach. Then, it applies this framework to two case studies addressing the relationships between CGE and South Asia's development context.
In the theoretical chapter, I argue that it is important to reframe CGE in a way that is more likely to align with the broader development aspirations of the global South. Reframing CGE as a development is a difficult task because development is a contested term with multiple meanings. Therefore, I consider Sen's idea of “development as freedom” and explore CGE through Amartya Sen’s capability framework to analyze whether CGE can be of potential use for protecting and advancing human capabilities threatened due to climate change. The theory of capabilities offers a promising framework that can provide an ethical foundation for analyzing the interface of developing countries with CGE research and governance. The capability approach is rooted in the reality of the global South. The justice-oriented capability framework emphasizes human autonomy, which looks at practical capabilities to attain individual and collective ends.
The first case study examines the link between Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) and development under China's transnational development initiative, namely the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in Pakistan. BRI is seen as a crucial enterprise for economic development by policymakers of many developing countries. However, simultaneously, BRI can compromise the emission reduction goals of host countries, which they committed to under the Paris Agreement. Pakistan is one of the most significant participants of the BRI, with numerous coal-fired energy projects sponsored by China under the BRI. Pakistan also has ambitious emission reduction goals demonstrated through its Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and an internationally celebrated afforestation and reforestation project like the Billion Tree Tsunami (BTS). This case study examines whether CDR initiatives can be integrated into modern development structures like the BRI and the associated governance challenges. The key findings point to the limited degree that the BRI structure has engaged with CDR, notwithstanding the acknowledgment of the need to “green” the BRI. CDR holds potential as a source of just climate development, but the top-down structure of the BRI limits the democratic values that lie at the center of Sen’s approach to development (as freedom).
In the second case study, I analyze the case of targeted geoengineering for protecting and preserving the rapidly melting glaciers in the Himalayas, Karakoram, and Hindukush (HKHK) in South Asia. These rapidly melting glaciers can cause floods and food insecurity in the region and reduce the capabilities of the people to pursue development. The imperative of glacier preservation is recognized by the United Nations General Assembly Resolution in designating 2025 as the International Year of Glacier Preservation. In South Asia, the mountain ranges of HKHK present a case for glacier preservation because of the extreme importance of these glaciers for the water, food, and energy security of the region's people, making glacier preservation a key development issue. This chapter examines whether targeted geoengineering can protect development under threat due to climate-induced disasters in the HKHK region. The idea of targeted geoengineering has been primarily explored in the context of Arctic intervention to preserve and protect the polar ice, but the urgency of glacier preservation in South Asia underlines the importance of examining new climate responses. The case study applies the capabilities framework to consider the normative and governance dimensions of glacier preservation. This case study is more exploratory, given the high degree of uncertainty surrounding approaches to glacier preservation. The chapter seeks to identify a set of governance principles consistent with the capabilities approach that may guide the complex cooperation and governance challenges that regional glacier preservation would entail.
The conclusion revisits the merits of framing CGE as an emerging element of development discourses
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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