344,310 research outputs found

    From Reflections to Systems Thinking : Developing a Practice for Documenting Software Architecture in a Growth Company

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    Toimeksiantaja, Woolman-yhtiö, havaitsi, että ilman arkkitehtuuridokumentaatiota projekti- ja tuotekehitys olivat vaikeuksissa. Arkkitehtuurin dokumentointi oli liiketoimintakriittistä erityisesti siirtymävaiheissa: myynnistä toteutukseen ja projekteista jatkuviin palveluihin. Tavoitteena oli kehittää yhteinen käytäntö ohjelmistoarkkitehtuurin dokumentoimiseksi yrityksessä. Arkkitehtuuridokumentaatiota tutkittiin iteraatioissa, ja teoriaa sovellettiin käytäntöön kokeilujen kautta. Tavoitteena oli ymmärtää arkkitehtuurityön ydin liiketoimintaympäristössä: milloin arkkitehtuuridokumentti tulisi tuottaa, mitä tulisi dokumentoida ja miten. Tutkimuksessa käytettiin päiväkirjamenetelmää, jolla kuvattiin työtä, ajattelua, ongelmanratkaisua ja oppimista. Laadullisen tutkimuksen aineistoa kerättiin päivittäin, ja sitä seurasi viikoittainen analyysi. Raportointijakso oli seitsemän viikkoa kalenteriaikana. Tulokset osoittavat, että kaiken kattavaa arkkitehtuurinäkymää ei kannata tavoitella. Sen sijaan ongelmaa on tarkasteltava systemaattisesti eri näkökulmista käyttämällä useita arkkitehtuurityylejä. Jotta voidaan valita sopiva joukko näkymiä, on ensin yksilöitävä sidosryhmät, jotka dokumentaatiota tarvitsevat, ja ymmärrettävä kunkin sidosryhmän tietotarpeet. Jokaisella arkkitehtuurityylillä on erilainen arvo riippuen katsojan kontekstista. Eri tyylien tutkiminen ja soveltaminen käytännön työhön paransivat tekijän ammattitaitoa. Myös yrityksen dokumentointiprosesseissa saavutettiin suurta kehitystä. Näitä tutkimuksessa kuvattuja uusia toimintamalleja voidaan soveltaa missä tahansa kasvuyrityksessä tai tiimissä.It was identified by the assigner, Woolman company, that without architecture documentation the project and product development efforts struggled. Architecture documentation was business critical when proceeded from one phase to another: from sales to implementation and from projects to continuous services. The goal of the author was to develop a common practice for documenting software architecture in the company. The author studied architecture documentation in iterations and brought theory to practice through experimentation. The focus was to understand the essence of architecture work in the actual business context: when an architecture document should be produced, what should be documented and how. The author used a diary-based method where he described his work and reflected his thinking, problem-solving, and learning. The relevant data for the qualitative research was gathered on a daily basis and followed up by a weekly reflective summary. The reporting period covered seven weeks in calendar time. The results show that an all-encompassing architecture view is not worth pursuing. Instead, the problem needs to be systematically viewed from different perspectives using different architecture styles. To choose the appropriate set of views, one must identify the stakeholders that will depend on the documentation and understand each stakeholder’s informational needs. Each architecture style has a different value depending on the viewer’s context. Researching different architecture styles and applying them to practical work improved the author ́s professional competence. Great development was made in the company ́s documenting processes as well. These new operation modes described in the research can be used in any growth company or team

    Oltre la cittadinanza. La politica dei governati

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    Scritto da uno dei più noti esponenti della critica coloniale contemporanea, questo libro è un contributo di grande importanza alla comprensione della natura della democrazia nel mondo di oggi. Partha Chatterjee ci accompagna in un avvincente viaggio attraverso la “politica popolare” nell’India contemporanea e ci introduce al labirinto di quella che definisce la “società politica”, tra gli slum di Calcutta e nelle campagne del Bengala Occidentale. Qui, lontano dalle retoriche della “società civile”, della “cittadinanza” e del “governo del popolo”, la democrazia viene quotidianamente reinventata da popolazioni capaci di scontrarsi, di convivere e di negoziare in forme inedite con le tecniche della governamentalità postcoloniale. Collocandosi nel più generale contesto della politica mondiale dopo l’11 settembre, l’analisi di Chatterjee inaugura un nuovo modo di guardare al futuro della democrazia. E ci invita, come l’autore scrive espressamente nell’introduzione all’edizione italiana, a sondarne la produttività anche nel contesto europeo e occidentale

    Chatterjee, S.

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    S. Chatterjee — Statistical Thought: A Perspective and History

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    Rohrbasser Jean-Marc. S. Chatterjee — Statistical Thought: A Perspective and History. In: Population, 58ᵉ année, n°4-5, 2003. pp. 651-652

    S. Chatterjee — Statistical Thought: A Perspective and History

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    Rohrbasser Jean-Marc. S. Chatterjee — Statistical Thought: A Perspective and History. In: Population, 58ᵉ année, n°4-5, 2003. pp. 651-652

    John Woolman: More Than Just a Journal the Capacity of One Individual to Make a Difference

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    John Woolman was an influential Quaker who lived in pre-revolutionary America. He is best known for his autobiography, the Journal of John Woolman, first published in 1774. However, far more than just offering a glimpse into the time-period of colonial America, John Woolman?s life is an example of the potential for a single individual to bring about true reform. This paper will examine the life of John Woolman (1720-1772) and his efforts, both private and public, to stand up against slavery in the colonial United States. Woolman was a Quaker minister who was one of the early voices to speak out against slavery in America. He was influential in laying the groundwork for the unification of the Friends against slavery. This paper will chart John Woolman's influence in the Quaker abolition movement, and the further legacy of his accomplishments

    Copidognathus gurui Chatterjee & Pešić 2014, sp. nov.

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    <i>Copidognathus gurui</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs. 1­ 4)</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype (female), paratype (female), and additional materials ­ two females used for SEM, Matemwe (05 o 52'S, 39 o 21'E) the east coast of Unguja, Zanzibar, Tanzania in coral rubble of <i>Fungia</i> (Anthozoa, Scleractinia), August 17 th 2004, coll. M Raes & H Gheerardyn.</p> <p> <b>Description</b></p> <p> Female. Idiosoma 295­ 317 (holotype: 317) µm long. AD 104­ 111 (holotype: 106) µm long. Anterior half of AD joining with dorsal part of AE. AD with frontal process and three areolae. Anterior areola oblong; paired crescent shaped middle areolae with 18­ 20 rosette pores each. Paired ds 1 anterior to middle areolae on AD. Pair of gland pores lie near anterolateral margin of AD anterior to ds 1. Area between areolae comperises large sized panels (panels not subdivided). Posterior margin of AD with a ridge containing a row of panels, each panel subdivided comprising four to eight small shallow subpanels. OC 82­ 84 µm long, 51­ 56 µm width, length to width ratio about 1.6, each with two corneae, areolae with rosette pores medial to corneae and posterolateral to posterior cornea; gland pore lateral to posterior cornea adjacent to lateral margin of OC; pore canaliculus present adjacent to lateral margin of OC. Setae ds 2 located at anteromedial corner of OC. PD 173 – 193 (holotype: 193) µm long. PD with two middle and two lateral costae. Each middle costae about 16 µm wide: with one to two rosette pores (each rosette pore with prominent ostium and canaliculi in and around it) and with panels lateral to it (each panel subdivided comprising subpanels) (Figs. 1D, 3E, F). Anterior part of middle costae and lateral costae joined together with panels (each panel with subpanels). Area between two middle costae three to six panels wide, panels not subdivided (devoid of subpanels). Setae ds 3 – ds 5 on PD. Gland pores lateral to middle costae on posterior part of PD. AE with three pairs of ventral setae and a pair of epimeral pores. Paired ventrolateral areolae between insertion of legs I and II, paired marginal areolae posterior to insertion of leg II. PE with three ventral and one dorsal seta. GA 150­ 153 (holotype: 151) µm long, GO 50­ 59 (holotype: 52) µm long. Distance between anterior end of GO and that of GA subequal to GO length. Paragenital areolae well developed. Three pairs of PGS present. In holotype anterior PGS 22 µm anterior to anterior end of GO; middle pair of PGS posterior to anterior margin of GO, 32 µm apart from lateral margin of GA; third pair near posterior side of GO. Pair of SGS located at the anterior end of genital sclerites.</p> <p> Gnathosoma 83 ­ 93 µm long. Palp consisting of four segments. Tip of rostrum just passing distal end of P 3. P 1 and P 3 devoid of any seta. P 2 with one dorsal seta distally. P 4 with three long proximal seta and one minute distal seta. Proto and deutorostral seta situated at the tip of rostrum; tritorostral setae (long maxillary setae of rostrum) located at 0.35 of rostrum length from its tip. Gnathosomal base with a pair of setae (basirostral setae). Rostral sulcus long extends posteriorly just beyond the tritorostral seta.</p> <p>Chaetotaxy of legs: trochanters I­IV, 1­ 1­ 1­ 0; basifemora I­IV, 2­ 2­ 2­ 2; telofemora I­IV, 5­ 5­ 3­ 3; genua I­IV, 4­ 4­ 3­ 3; tibiae I­IV, 7­ 7­ 5­ 5; tarsi I­IV (PAS excluded), 7­ 4­ 4­ 3. Telofemora III­IV with two dorsal setae and one ventral seta. Telofemur I swollen with well developed trilobed ventrolateral lamella. Tibia I with three ventral setae (one long, pointed ventral seta and two thick, smaller ventromedial setae). Tibia II with one long, pointed ventral seta and two thick, pectinate ventromedial setae. Tibia III with one thick, pectinate ventromedial seta. All setae of tibia IV smooth. Tibia I with two denticulate proximoventral processes (lamella) (Fig. 1E). Tibia II with a feebly developed (not clear properly) proximoventral process. Tarsus I with three dorsal setae, one solenidion, three ventral setae and two eupathidial doublet PAS. Tarsus II with three dorsal setae, one solenidion; PAS obscured by specimen compression. Tarsus III with four dorsal setae (distance between two basidorsal setae a little less than height of the segment) and two PAS. Tarsus IV with three dorsal setae and two PAS. All legs with two lateral claws and one bidentate median claw. Lateral claws with accessory process dorsally. Lateral claws of tarsi II­IV with ventral pecten.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species is dedicated in honor of Prof. B. C. Guru, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India, thesis advisor (in D. Sc.) of first author (TC).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Copidognathus gurui</i> sp. nov. is characterized by two crescent shaped middle areolae on anterior dorsal plate, ds 2 on anteromedian corner of OC, a swollen telofemur I with a trilobed ventrolateral lamella, tibia I with two denticulate proximoventral processes, tarsi III and IV with 4:3 dorsal setae, telofemora III and IV each with one ventral seta.</p> <p> Present new species has some similarity with <i>C. punctatissimus</i> (Gimbel, 1919), <i>C. dentatus</i> Viets, 1940, <i>C. biscayneus</i> Newell, 1947, <i>C. dentipes</i> Bartsch, 1989, <i>C. eblingi</i> Chatterjee, 1991, <i>C. jejuensis</i> Chatterjee & Chang, 2004 and <i>C. mumbaiensis</i> Chatterjee & Chang, 2004. <i>C. tupinamborum</i> Pepato & Tiago, 2005 (Gimbel 1919; Newell 1947; Bartsch 1989; Chatterjee 1991; Chatterjee and Annapurna 2003, Chatterjee and Chang 2004a, b, 2006; Pepato and Tiago 2005).</p> <p> <i>C. punctatissimus</i> has ds 2 located on anteromedial corner of OC as in <i>C. gurui</i> sp. nov. while in all of the other aforementioned species ds 2 are located in the membranous cuticular area between AD and OC. <i>Copidognathus gurui</i> sp. nov. differs from <i>C. punctatissimus</i> and all other species in having a well developed trilobed ventrolateral lamella on telofemur I.</p> <p> <i>Copidognathus mumbaiensis</i> is characterised by the presence of a serrated lamella ventrolaterally on telofemur I instead of trilobed lamella.</p>Published as part of <i>Chatterjee, Tapas & Pešić, Vladimir, 2014, A new species of the genusCopidognathus (Acari, Halacaridae) from Zanzibar, Tanzania, pp. 169-175 in Ecologica Montenegrina 1 (3)</i> on pages 170-17

    Global change: shear-dominated geotectonics modulated by rhythmic Earth pulsations.

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    In: CHATTERJEE S. & HOTTON N. III (eds.), "New Concepts in Global Tectonics". Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock
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