657 research outputs found
Traffic monitoring using handheld GSM phones. Part B: Simulation study
No full textRevised version of LVV rapport, VK 2001.004. This report contains the description of a novel map-matching algorithm, and the results of a simulation study into the feasibility of traffic monitoring using handheld mobile phones.Transport & PlanningCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Predictors and Consequences of Anaemia Among Antiretroviral-Naïve HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Children in Tanzania.
No full textPredictors and consequences of childhood anaemia in settings with high HIV prevalence are not well known. The aims of the present study were to identify maternal and child predictors of anaemia among children born to HIV-infected women and to study the association between childhood anaemia and mortality. Prospective cohort study. Maternal characteristics during pregnancy and Hb measurements at 3-month intervals from birth were available for children. Information was also collected on malaria and HIV infection in the children, who were followed up for survival status until 24 months after birth. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The study sample consisted of 829 children born to HIV-positive women. Advanced maternal clinical HIV disease (relative risk (RR) for stage > or =2 v. stage 1: 1.31, 95 % CI 1.14, 1.51) and low CD4 cell counts during pregnancy (RR for <350 cells/mm3 v. > or =350 cells/mm3: 1.58, 95 % CI 1.05, 2.37) were associated with increased risk of anaemia among children. Birth weight <2500 g, preterm birth (<34 weeks), malaria parasitaemia and HIV infection in the children also increased the risk of anaemia. Fe-deficiency anaemia in children was an independent predictor of mortality in the first two years of life (hazard ratio 1.99, 95 % CI 1.06, 3.72). Comprehensive care including highly active antiretroviral therapy to eligible HIV-infected women during pregnancy could reduce the burden of anaemia in children. Programmes for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and antimalarial treatment to children could improve child survival in settings with high HIV prevalence
Navigating Digital Borders: Seto Community in the Virtual Territory of the VK Social Network
No full textReceived 30 September 2024. Accepted 5 March 2025. Published online 30 April 2025.The paper examines the digital geography of the virtual Seto community in the VK social network (also known as VKontakte), focusing on how dispersed Seto people in Russia and Estonia use digital spaces to communicate, as well as express, preserve, and promote their cultural identity. By applying a multi-sited ethnographic methodology, the research involves both online explorations and offline semi-structured interviews, with fieldwork conducted in the Pechory District. Using the network and territory approaches to digital ethnography, the study highlights how the VK serves as a digital territory where Setos, divided by distances and physical borders, connect, share cultural practices, and foster a sense of community. Special attention is given to the Seto traditions of leelo polyphonic singing and festive costumes, both of which serve as vital markers of ethnic identity in this digital landscape. Through content analysis of Seto personal profiles and public pages, the research reveals how social networks help maintain connections and how digital geographies are constantly shaped and reshaped by cultural exchanges. This study underscores the adaptability of online spaces in sustaining fragmented ethnic communities across physical distances.This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation under Grant 23-78-10079, https://rscf.ru/project/23-78-10079/The author is grateful to the assistance of the Museum Reserve Izborsk, Manor Museum of the Seto people in the village of Sigovo, Pechory Museum of History, and the “Flax Province” Museum. The author is also highly appreciative of the valuable consultations and recommendations provided by Elena Variksoo, Tatiana Ogareva, Mare Piho, Malle Bogacheva, and Vera Fest
Male preponderance in early diagnosed type 2 diabetes is associated with the ARE insertion/deletion polymorphism in the PPP1R3A locus.
No full textThis work was funded by a grant from a local trust administered by Tenovus (Tayside) (CP and AM), the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council grant award number D13460 (CP and JC), and funds from the Medical Research Council, UK (PTWC).Background: The ARE insertion/deletion polymorphism of PPP1R3A has been associated with variation in glycaemic parameters and prevalence of diabetes. We have investigated its role in age of diagnosis, body weight and glycaemic control in 1,950 individuals with type 2 diabetes in Tayside, Scotland, and compared the ARE2 allele frequencies with 1,014 local schoolchildren. Results: Men homozygous for the rarer allele (ARE2) were younger at diagnosis than ARE1homozygotes (p = 0.008). Conversely, women ARE2 homozygotes were diagnosed later than ARE1 homozygotes (p = 0.036). Thus, men possessing the rarer (ARE2) allele were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes earlier than women (p < 0.000001). In contrast, there was no difference in age of diagnosis by gender in those individuals carrying only the common ARE1 variant. Furthermore, although there was no difference in the frequency between the children and the type 2 diabetic population overall, marked differ ences in allele frequencies we re noted by gender and age-of diagnosis. The ARE2 allele frequency in early diagnosed males (diagnosed earlier than the first quartile of the overall ages at diagnosis) was higher than that found in both later diagnosed males and healthy children (p = 0.021 and p = 0.03 respectively). By contrast, the frequency in early diagnosed females was significantly lower than later diagnosed females and that found in children (p = 0.021 and p = 0.037). Comparison of the male to fe male ratios at different ages-diagnosed confirms a known phenomenon that men are much more prone to early type 2 diabetes than women. When this feature was examined by the common ARE 1/1 genotype we found that the male to female ratio remained at unity with all ages of diagnosis, however, carriers of the ARE2 variant displayed a marked preponderance of early male diagnosis (p = 0.003). Conclusion: The ARE2 allele of PPP1R3A is associated with a male preponderance to early diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in later life is not modulated by the ARE2 allele in either sex.Peer reviewe
Short communication : Menaquinone-4 (vitamin K-2) induces proliferation responses in bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells
No full textThe effects of vitamin K (VK) on immune cells in ruminants are yet to be fully investigated. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of VK on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in Holstein dairy cows. A cell proliferation assay was performed to evaluate the effect of menaquinone-4 (MK-4, the biologically active form of VK) on immune response of PBMC. The proliferation of PBMC stimulated by MK-4 was significantly higher than that of nonstimulated controls. The expression of T cell-related genes in PBMC, stimulated with MK-4, was assessed by quantitative PCR. No significant changes were observed in the mRNA expression levels of both CD4 and CD8 as helper T cell and cytotoxic T cell markers, respectively. The present study demonstrated that MK-4 positively influenced cow PBMC proliferation and suggested the possibility of bovine-specific immune cell activation. The present study lays a foundation for understanding the physiological role of VK in cattle
Finite vs. Infinite Decompositions in Conformal Embeddings
No full text© 2016, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Building on work of the first and last author, we prove that an embedding of simple affine vertex algebras Vk(g0) ⊂ Vk(g) , corresponding to an embedding of a maximal equal rank reductive subalgebra g0 into a simple Lie algebra g, is conformal if and only if the corresponding central charges are equal. We classify the equal rank conformal embeddings. Furthermore we describe, in almost all cases, when Vk(g) decomposes finitely as a Vk(g0) -module
Fast identification of biological pathways associated with a quantitative trait using group lasso with overlaps.
No full textWhere causal SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) tend to accumulate within biological pathways, the incorporation of prior pathways information into a statistical model is expected to increase the power to detect true associations in a genetic association study. Most existing pathways-based methods rely on marginal SNP statistics and do not fully exploit the dependence patterns among SNPs within pathways.We use a sparse regression model, with SNPs grouped into pathways, to identify causal pathways associated with a quantitative trait. Notable features of our "pathways group lasso with adaptive weights" (P-GLAW) algorithm include the incorporation of all pathways in a single regression model, an adaptive pathway weighting procedure that accounts for factors biasing pathway selection, and the use of a bootstrap sampling procedure for the ranking of important pathways. P-GLAW takes account of the presence of overlapping pathways and uses a novel combination of techniques to optimise model estimation, making it fast to run, even on whole genome datasets.In a comparison study with an alternative pathways method based on univariate SNP statistics, our method demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of important pathways, showing the greatest relative gains in performance where marginal SNP effect sizes are small
Change of physical abilities of TSV Giesen Grizzlysw and VK ČEZ Karlovarsko players after condition training
No full textTITLE: Change of physical abilities of TSV Giesen Grizzlys and VK ČEZ Karlovarsko players after condition training AUTHOR: Bc. Tereza Lukešová DEPARTMENT: Department of Physical Education SUPERVISOR: PaedDr. Ladislav Pokorný ANNOTATION The work is focused on fitness training of volleyball players from two top men's competitions, and on the Czech Uniqa extraleague and the German Bundesliga. Work through testing of motor skills of twelve respondents from both teams. These were the tests: K-test, 200m sprint, trapeze, long jump, rebound reach range, reach, two-hand reach range. The first part of the thesis contains general information about volleyball literature and familiarization with movement abilities, with regard to work and work with them. The research part analyzes the already mentioned form of tests of motor abilities of the respondents before conditioning during the season, ie also in December. In conclusion, the results of this research and comparison with fitness training of the teams were evaluated. The work is intended mainly for advanced players or volleyball coaches. KEYWORDS: physical ability, voleyball, condition trainin
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