1,720,967 research outputs found
Sustainability of Urbanization, Non-Agricultural Output and Air Pollution in the World’s Top 20 Polluting Countries
No full textRapid urbanization is being increasingly recognized as a significant factor of environmental pollution across the world. However, the significance of sustainable urbanization in controlling both pollution and population remains either limited in scope, in the case of developed countries, or less researched, in the case of developing nations. To fill this gap, the present study employed both theoretical and empirical tools to investigate the significant link between sustainable urbanization, pollution and non-agricultural output. In order to empirically examine the supposed link among the key variables mentioned above, the present study considered a panel of the world’s top 20 polluting countries for the 1991–2018 period, which significantly includes both developed and developing nations. Panel vector error correction model and panel co-integration techniques were employed to derive the possible correlation between the variables through sustainable urbanization. Empirical findings show an absence of equilibrium relations among the three variables in the panel of developed countries. However, the study clearly finds that all the three indicators maintain long-run associations for the panel of developing countries. Furthermore, in the short run, the results determine unambiguously that there are significant causal interplays between any two sets of variables and the remaining one variable for both the panel data of developed and developing countries. On the other hand, short-run interplays among the variables we considered exist for both developed and developing economies. From the perspective of policy formulation, the present study shows that policy makers from both the developed and developing nations should be cautious before encouraging urbanization, at least in the short term. However, the combined effects in the short and long term suggest policy makers should be more careful before encouraging urbanization in developing economies
Revisiting policy combinations under IS–LM–EE framework introducing capacity utilization
Full text linkCo-movements of income and urbanization through energy use and pollution: An investigation for world’s leading polluting countries
No full textEconomic growth via urbanization helps in the accumulation of capital in the urban area. Again, to meet up the urban demand, energy consumption increases sharply, and consequently as the byproduct, magnitude of carbon emission also increases in the environment. The existing literature did not focus upon the high trajectory of carbon emission following urbanization. There is, thus, an interlink too between income growth and magnitudes of urbanization. Therefore, the co-movements between income and urbanization, and the connotation among income, urbanization, energy use and Green House Gas emissions are an area to be explored for the highly polluting nations. This study thus aims to investigate whether income, urbanization, energy uses and GHG emissions are cointegrated or having co-movements for the world’s top 20 polluting nations for the period 1970–2018. The study first underpins a theoretical background for the association among the four indicators and then goes for empirical verifications using time series econometric exercise. Using Johansen cointegration test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) for the variables the results show that the variables have long run associations as well as short run causal interplays in mostly the developed countries of the list. Income and urbanization have latent explanatory powers through energy use and GHG emissions. Hence, the policy makers of the concerned countries should focus on controlling the process of urbanization in order to manage energy use and GHG emissions to ultimately reach to the end of sustainable development
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Child Labour and Economic Growth: A General Equilibrium Analysis
Full text linkIn this note, we construct a four sector static general equilibrium model of a small open economy with special consideration to the incidence of child labour. The paper examines the impact of FDI on the output levels of different sectors and also on the incidence of child labour. Here we have shown the possibility of expansion in the incidence of child labour. Finally we have shown that economic growth of our small open economy may immiserize due to trade liberalization
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Environmental Legislation and International Trade: Theory, Policy and Indian experience
Full text linkThis paper considers some contemporary environmental problems like carbon emission, deforestation etc, faced by mainly the developing nations of the world. In this context I have considered some facts and figures of Indian Tannery industry for realization of above mentioned issue. In this paper an attempt has been made to analyze theoretically, the effect of environmental pollution on the output of different sectors in a small open economy. Here, I have presented a theoretical model based on the general equilibrium framework, which mainly highlights on a paradoxical result. The paradox exists in the sense that, with strict environmental control, the formal sector subcontracts their production to the informal sector, thereby accentuating the total level of pollution faced by the society
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