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Το lymph node ratio ως προγνωστικός δείκτης επιβίωσης στον καρκίνο του παγκρέατος: Αναδρομική μελέτη και ανασκόπηση της βιβλιογραφίας
Get PDFΕισαγωγή: Τo lymph node ratio (LNR), δηλαδή ο αριθμός των θετικών λεμφαδένων διά τον συνολικό αριθμό των λεμφαδένων που αφαιρέθηκαν στο χειρουργείο, παρέχει χρήσιμες πληροφορίες για την έκταση της διήθησης των λεμφαδένων και χρησιμοποιείται ως προγνωστικός δείκτης για διάφορους καρκίνους. Σκοπός: Η διερεύνηση της αποτελεσματικότητας του Lymph Νode Ratio (LNR) ως προγνωστικού δείκτη επιβίωσης σε ασθενείς με καρκίνο του παγκρέατος που έχουν υποβληθεί σε χειρουργική επέμβαση. Μέθοδος – Υλικό: Πρόκειται για αναδρομική μελέτη με 217 ασθενείς που διαγνώστηκαν με αδενοκαρκίνωμα παγκρέατος και υποβλήθηκαν σε παγκρεατεκτομή στην Β’ Χειρουργική Κλινική του Πανεπιστημιακού Nοσοκομείου «Αρεταίειο» κατά τη διάρκεια της δεκαετίας 2012 – 2021. Η συλλογή των δεδομένων έγινε μέσω των ιατρικών φακέλων των ασθενών. Η στατιστική ανάλυση πραγματοποιήθηκε με το SPSS v.18 και το R v.4.2.3. Ως επίπεδο σημαντικότητας ορίστηκε το α=0,05. Αποτελέσματα: Εκατόν είκοσι έξι (58,1%) ασθενείς ήταν άνδρες. Η μέση ηλικία (±ΤΑ) των ασθενών ήταν τα 65,56 έτη. Η διάμεση διάρκεια παρακολούθησης των ασθενών ήταν 23,00 μήνες. Συνολικά, 138 (63,8%) ασθενείς απεβίωσαν. Το ποσοστό 1-έτους επιβίωσης ήταν 77,9%, ενώ το ποσοστό 2-ετούς επιβίωσης ήταν 58,1%. Ο διάμεσος συνολικός αριθμός λεμφαδένων ήταν 22,00 (16,50 – 29,00), ο διάμεσος αριθμός αρνητικών λεμφαδένων 20,00 και το διάμεσο LNR 0,095. Οι ασθενείς που απεβίωσαν είχαν στατιστικά σημαντικά μεγαλύτερο LNR σε σχέση με τους ασθενείς που επιβίωσαν (p=0,011). Η ανάλυση της καμπύλης ROC έδειξε ότι το AUC (95% CI) του LNR για την πρόβλεψη του θανάτου ασθενών με καρκίνο του παγκρέατος ήταν 0,605. Για cut-off του LNR ίσο με 0,0728, η ευαισθησία του LNR είναι 65,2% και η ειδικότητα του 56,0%. Σύμφωνα με τις εκτιμήσεις Kaplan Meier, o διάμεσος χρόνος μέχρι το θάνατο για τους ασθενείς με LNR ≤ 0,0728 ήταν οι 37,00 (25,298 – 48,702), ενώ για τους ασθενείς LNR > 0,0728 ήταν οι 23,00 (17,788 – 28,212) μήνες. Το μονομεταβλητό μοντέλο αναλογικών κινδύνων COX για την εμφάνιση θανάτου με ανεξάρτητη μεταβλητή το LNR έδειξε ότι οι ασθενείς με LNR >0,0728 έχουν 85,0% μεγαλύτερο κίνδυνο να αποβιώσουν σε σχέση με αυτούς με LNR ≤ 0,0728. Τέλος, το πολυμεταβλητό μοντέλο αναλογικού κινδύνου Cox για την εμφάνιση θανάτου ανέδειξε στατιστικά σημαντικούς τους παράγοντες: LNR>0,0728 [HR (95% CI): 1,776 (1,153, 2,733)], τη διήθηση της πυλαίας φλέβας [2,685 (1,484, 4,857)], το όργανο εντόπισης του όγκου [0,469 (0,253, 0,873)], και τη χαμηλή διαφοροποίηση του όγκου [2,033 (1,074, 3,849)]. Συμπεράσματα: Ο λόγος LNR αποτελεί σημαντικό προγνωστικό παράγοντα της επιβίωσης των ασθενών με αδενοκαρκίνωμα του παγκρέατος. Η χρήση του LNR στην κλινική πρακτική μπορεί να βοηθήσει στην πρόβλεψη της επιβίωσης των ασθενών με καρκίνο του παγκρέατος.Introduction: The lymph node ratio (LNR), the number of positive lymph nodes divided by the total number of lymph nodes removed at surgery, provides useful information on the extent of lymph node infiltration, and is used as a prognostic indicator for many cancers. Aim: To investigate the effectiveness of the Lymph Node Ratio (LNR) as a prognostic indicator of survival in patients with pancreatic cancer who have undergone surgery. Method: Τhis is a retrospective study. The sample consisted of 217 patients who were diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and underwent pancreatectomy at the Second Surgery Clinic of the Aretaieion University Hospital during the decade 2012 - 2021. The data was collected through the patients' medical records. The statistical analysis was performed with SPSS v.18 and R v.4.2.3. The level of significance was set at α=0.05. Results: One hundred and twenty-six (58.1%) patients were male. The mean age (±SD) of the patients was 65.56 (±12.58) years. The median duration of patient follow-up was 23.00 months (25th – 75th Percentile: 14.00 – 37.00). Overall, 138 (63.8%) patients died. The 1-year survival rate was 77.9%, while the 2-year survival rate was 58.1%. The median (25th – 75th Percentile) of total lymph node count was 22.00 (16.50 – 29.00), of negative lymph node count 20.00 (13.00 – 25.00) and of LNR 0.095 (0.00 – 0.193). Patients who died had a statistically significantly higher LNR than patients who survived (p=0.011). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC (95% CI) of LNR for predicting death was 0.605 (0.526 – 0.684). For a cut-off of LNR equal to 0.0728, the sensitivity of LNR is 65.2% and its specificity is 56.0%. According to Kaplan Meier estimates, the median time to death for patients with LNR ≤ 0.0728 was 37.00 (25.298 – 48.702), while for patients with LNR > 0.0728 it was 23.00 (17.788 – 28,212) months. The univariate COX proportional hazards model for death with LNR as an independent variable showed that patients with LNR >0.0728 have an 85% greater risk of dying than patients with LNR ≤ 0.0728. Finally, the multivariable Cox proportional hazard model for the death showed as significant factors the LNR>0.0728 [HR (95% CI): 1,776 (1,153, 2,733)], portal vein infiltration [2,685 (1,484, 4,857)], tumor location [0,469 (0,253, 0,873)], and low differentiation [2,033 (1,074, 3,849)]. Conclusion: The LNR ratio is an important predictor of survival in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The use of LNR in clinical practice may help predict the survival of patients with pancreatic cancer
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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