1,721,004 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Analysis of the regulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome-system by the macrophage-migration-inhibitory-factor and the interaction partners COP9 signalosome and p97 in cellular hypoxia
Full text linkDer Makrophagen-Migrations-Inhibitions-Faktor (MIF) ist ein ubiquitär vorkommendes Zytokin mit vielfältigen biologischen Funktionen. MIF spielt eine wichtige Rolle in der Pathogenese zahlreicher chronisch-entzündlicher sowie onkologischer Erkrankungen. Es ist weiterhin bekannt, dass MIF über eine Interaktion mit CSN5, einer katalytischen Untereinheit des CSN-Komplexes (auch Signalosom genannt), die Funktion von Cullin-Ring-Ligasen im Ubiquitin-Proteasom-Systems (UPS) beeinflussen kann, indem es die Deneddylase-Aktivität von CSN5 inhibiert. Auf der Suche nach neuen Interaktionspartnern von MIF wurde auch die ATPase p97 als neuer, indirekter Interaktionspartner identifiziert. p97 spielt eine große Rolle bei einer Reihe intrazellulärer Aktivitäten. So ist es in seiner Funktion als Chaperon an der Entfaltung und am Abbau von den im endoplasmatischen Retikulum fehlgefalteten, aber auch löslichen zytosolischen Proteinen (z.B. auch HIF-1alpha) beteiligt. Daraus entstand die Hypothese, das möglicherweise p97 und CSN5 direkt miteinander interagieren.Das erste Ziel dieser Arbeit war es daher, die Beteiligung des gesamten CSN-Komplexes an der Interaktion mit dem p97-Homohexamer nachzuweisen sowie die Interaktion zwischen p97 und CSN5 näher zu untersuchen. Zunächst wurde die Ko-Fraktionierung der Komplexe mittels Glycerol-Dichtegradientenzentrifugation, Immunopräzipitation der Zielproteine und Western Blot analysiert. Im Immunoblot konnte gezeigt werden, dass sowohl p97 als auch CSN5 mit CSN1, einer weiteren Untereinheit des Signalosoms, kopräzipitiert wurden. Zusätzlich wurde die Interaktion beider Komplexe mittels nativer Kompositgelelektrophorese untersucht. Hier zeigte der Immunoblot, dass sich bei der Inkubation beider Komplexe nur in Anwesenheit von ATP ein hochmolekularer Komplex bildete, in dem CSN und p97 nachgewiesen werden konnten. Weiterhin wurden die an der Interaktion mit CSN5 beteiligten Domänen von p97 näher untersucht. Hierfür wurden HEK293T-Zellen mit Deletionskonstrukten der einzelnen p97-Domänen transfiziert, um mit Hilfe von Immunopräzipitation der exprimierten Proteine die Interaktion mit CSN5 zu charakterisieren. Das Ergebnis ließ den Schluss zu, dass sich sowohl die N-terminale Domäne als auch beide ATPase-Domänen an der Bindung des Signalosoms beteiligen.Der zweite Abschnitt dieser Arbeit beschäftigte sich mit der Funktion eines Komplexes aus p97 und CSN sowie der Rolle von MIF. Hierfür wurde das Mausmodell einer Kollagen-induzierten Arthritis sowie ein spezifischer MIF-Inhibitor, MIF098, verwendet. Untersucht wurden Stabilität und Funktion des Transkriptionsfaktors HIF-1alpha, der sowohl mit CSN als auch mit p97 interagiert. In den entzündeten Gelenken der in drei experimentellen Gruppen eingeteilten Tiere zeigte sich eine signifikante Abnahme der HIF-1alpha-Proteinkonzentration und der VEGF-A-mRNA-Expression in der mit dem MIF-Inhibitor behandelten Gruppe, wobei die Expression von HIF-1alpha-mRNA unbeeinflusst blieb. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass p97 und CSN ATP-abhängig einen hochmolekularen Komplex bilden, der sich vermutlich am proteasomalen Abbau des gemeinsamen Substrates, HIF-1alpha, beteiligt. Dabei könnte die Interaktion dieses Komplexes mit der HIF-1alpha-spezifischen E3-Ubiquitinligase einen molekularen Schalter darstellen, welcher durch MIF blockiert werden könnte, um die Degradierung von HIF-1alpha im UPS zu hemmen.Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) is an abundant cytokine known to be involved in a variety of biological functions. It plays an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple systemic inflammatory disorders as well as in several cancer diseases. MIF is known for interacting with CSN5, a catalytic component of the CSN complex (Signalosome), thus modulating the functions of cullin-ring ligases within the ubiquitin-proteasome-system (UPS). This is mediated through inhibition of the deneddylase activity of CSN5. A systematic interactome screen revealed the ATPase p97 as an indirect interaction partner of MIF. The homohexameric p97 plays a pivotal role in several intracellular processes. For instance, it functions as a chaperone in processes such as protein turnover and proteasomal degradation of factors such as HIF-1alpha. This prompted the hypothesis that p97 and CSN5 may be direct interaction partners. Thus, the first goal of this study was to show the interaction between the entire CSN complex and the homohexameric p97 as well as to further characterize the interaction between p97 and CSN5. Initially, co-fractionation of the two complexes was analyzed using density gradient centrifugation, immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting. As a result, p97 as well as CSN5 co-precipitated with CSN1, another subunit of the signalosome. Additionally, the interaction of both protein complexes was verified using a discontinuous native gel electrophoresis in a composite gradient gel system. Here, the incubation of both complexes showed the formation of a high molecular weight structure which included both, CSN and p97. This association occurred only in the presence of ATP. To map the binding interface between p97 and CSN5, deletion constructs were used in HEK293T cells. The immunoprecipitation of the expressed proteins revealed that both, the N-terminal domain and the ATPase domains of the p97 are required for the interaction with the signalosome. The second part of this study mainly focused on the function of the p97-CSN complex and the role of MIF in this context. Therefore, a specific MIF-inhibitor (MIF098) was used in an animal model of a collagen-induced arthritis. Here, the goal was to evaluate the stability and function of HIF-1alpha, a transcription factor known to interact with both CSN and p97. As a result, a significant decrease of the protein concentration of HIF-1alpha as well as a decrease of the VEGF-A-mRNA expression was observed in the inflamed joint tissue of animals treated with MIF098. At the same time, no alteration of the HIF-1alpha-mRNA expression was observed. In summary, this study demonstrates the ATP-dependent association of a high molecular complex containing p97 and CSN. This complex appears to be involved in the proteasomal degradation of HIF-1alpha, a known substrate of both p97 and CSN. Specifically, the interaction of the p97-CSN-complex with the HIF-1alpha-specific E3-ubiquitin ligase could represent a molecular switch, which once blocked by MIF is able to prevent the degradation of HIF-1alpha within the UPS
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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