1,720,955 research outputs found
The use of non-targeted proteomics and in vitro bioassays as a non-destructive approach towards the development of biomarkers of contaminant exposure in threatened marine wildlife
No full textBiomarkers of chemical exposure and effect are an important tool for monitoring the
health of threatened species that are vulnerable to the adverse effects of prolonged
contaminant exposure. However, there are many challenges that have limited the
discovery of new biomarkers of chemical exposure in protected species, particularly the
constraint on the use of destructive methods such as in vivo experimentation. This thesis
first examines the current methods of biomarker discovery as reported in the literature
to identify what methods future research in this field should focus on. A systematic
quantitative review of methods of non-destructive biomarker discovery in wildlife
highlighted the hinderance of these limitations on current research as well as the paucity
of studies harnessing in vitro techniques (Chapter 2). The use of in vitro bioassays is not
uncommon in ecotoxicology, however, these assays are largely targeted at one or
several known markers. Non-targeted proteomics analyses allow for the discovery of
new biomarkers, which is important considering wildlife may continually be exposed to
new compounds and mixtures. Therefore the application of in vitro and in vivo nontargeted
proteomic analysis as a tool for biomarker discovery was examined. To do so,
sea turtles were used as a model species due to their priority conservation status and
their susceptibility to the adverse effects of contaminant exposure. Cell lines derived
from sea turtles exposed in vitro to environmentally relevant contaminants were used as
a model for the in vitro analyses. Firstly, experimental sources of variation on protein
expression (time, concentration and contaminant type) were explored (Chapter 3)
revealing a strong effect of exposure time on observed proteomic changes and little
effect from concentration. Furthermore, potential candidate biomarkers were discovered
and the relevance of this method to in vivo molecular responses was demonstrated with
the observation of known in vivo markers of exposure dysregulated in response to
chemical exposure. Then, the influence of biological sources of variation (tissue type) were examined with cells derived from several tissue types exposed in vitro to
contaminants (Chapter 4). Different tissue types showed a different response to
contaminant exposure and known in vivo biomarkers of exposure were again observed.
Furthermore, potential new biomarker candidates were identified that would be
beneficial for future research in this field to explore. Finally, non-targeted proteome
profiling was applied to biological samples of wild-caught animals to examine its
potential in biomarker discovery (Chapter 5). The proteome of the blood plasma of three
Southeast Queensland sea turtle populations exposed to different chemical profiles were
compared, and distinct differences in population protein expression were observed.
These differences indicated altered immune states between populations, which could be
caused by contaminant and/or pathogen exposure. In conclusion, this novel method of
non-targeted proteomic analysis of both in vitro and in vivo samples provides a wealth
of information about how contaminants affect sea turtles at the cellular and whole
organism level and is a promising avenue to enhance wildlife toxicology. However, it
was discovered that it is challenging to draw correlations between in vivo and in vitro
global protein expression, and furthermore that sources of experimental variation can
greatly influence the outcomes. Therefore, it is vital that future studies on this area focus
on reproducibility of these sensitive methods before fully utilising them for directing
wildlife toxicology research.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)School of Environment and ScScience, Environment, Engineering and TechnologyFull Tex
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
