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Ci chang yu fen zi yun sui lie zhi guan xi
No full textM.Phil.This thesis is dedicated to study the roles of magnetic field in star formation. In particular, we aim to explore how the relative orientation of the projected plane-of-sky magnetic field and the molecular cloud (``cloud-field offset") will affect the fragmentation conditions in molecular clouds.Based on archival dust extinction maps and PLANCK polarimetry data, we study the effects of cloud-field offset on the evenness of linear mass distribution (Chapter 4) and the slope of the mass cumulative distribution (MCF) (Chapter 5) of 13 molecular clouds. With the permutation tests and the Spearman rank correlation (SRC) tests, we show that molecular clouds with large cloud-field offset tend to show more even linear mass distributions and steeper MCF slopes. We further examine the effects of molecular cloud line of sight scales and the choices of magnetic field tracers on bimodality and positive correlation. We find that both factors show non-negligible effects on the statistical significance of the trends, but only have minor impacts on the main conclusions of the findings. Our interpretation of these findings is that molecular clouds with large cloud-field offset may possess a higher magnetic flux. This higher flux would hinder the accumulation of gas to form dense structures, thus hindering fragmentation resulting in lower star formation efficiencies, in agreement with recent observational evidence.In summary, the results of this thesis suggest that the cloud-field offset may regulate the initial fragmentation conditions and the subsequent star formation properties in molecular clouds.本論文致力於研究磁場在恆星形成中的作用。我們的目的是研究分子雲長軸方向與環境磁場平均方向（“雲場方向偏移”）之間的角度差異將如何影響分子雲中的碎裂。基於塵埃消光和偏振測量，我們研究了雲場方向偏移對13個分子雲的線性質量分佈均勻性(第4章)和質量累積分佈(MCF)的斜率(第5章)的影響。通過Permutation測試和Spearman Rank(SRC)測試，我們發現具有垂直雲場方向偏移的分子雲傾向於顯示更均勻的線性質量分佈和更陡峭的MCF斜率。我們進一步研究分子雲視線尺度並且磁場檢測方法的選擇對雙重性及正相關性的影響，並且發現兩者都有不可忽視的影響，但不影響發現的主要結論。這兩個結果可以解釋為大的雲場方向偏移將具有更高的磁通量，這將阻礙氣體的積聚以形成大量且緻密的結構，從而降低分子雲的碎裂效率, 導致較低的恆星生成效率(star formation efficiency)。綜上所述，本文強調雲場方向偏移可以顯著調節分子雲中的初始碎裂條件和相應的恆星形成特性。Law, Chi Yan = 磁場與分子雲碎裂之關係 / 羅至恩."October 2019."Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2020.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-82).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 20 May, 2021).Law, Chi Yan = Ci chang yu fen zi yun sui lie zhi guan xi / Luo Zhien
A Case Study on the Growth Strategy of a Conglomerate Firm from Competence-based Perspective
No full text企業成長議題一向是管理者所面臨的最大考驗，也是策略管理學界重要的研究課題。根據策略分析的基本邏輯，吾人可以區分兩種成長策略思考邏輯：一為由外而內的成長邏輯，可稱之為『機會基礎成長策略』，另一則為由內而外的成長邏輯，可稱之為『能耐基礎成長策略』。這兩種成長路徑，需要不同的配合條件，對於企業永續經營，亦應該有不同的影響與意涵才是，但過往研究卻較少注意此一對於企業成長的根本質疑。有鑑於此，本研究擬以國內著名的集團企業—奇美集團—其過去四十餘年來的事業發展軌跡，進行深度的質化分析，期能對於企業成長策略邏輯，提出加值的見解。
本研究首先針對奇美集團主要涉入的兩個產業，石化產業與液晶面板（TFT-LCD）產業，提出產業結構分析，再將奇美集團四十餘年的企業發展歷史，以『奇美實業』與『奇美電子』為該集團事業主軸分成三個階段，解析該集團相關資源佈局與策略活動，並結合每一階段的外部環境變化，尋找出不同時期所建立之能耐主體，從而勾勒出奇美集團成長的歷程與能耐發展關係，並解析奇美集團從石化產業選擇跨入光電產業的策略條件。
透由此一分析過程，本研究發現，雖然石化與光電產業個性迥異，但奇美實業與奇美電子具有高度共通的能耐特色與經營邏輯；本研究亦說明了企業成長策略之形成是意識到外部機會之存在，評估企業所擁有的核心能耐是否能回應外部機會，無法回應之處則必須建構出新的能耐以克服環境限制，以延伸核心能耐來制定成長策略；而新建立之能耐將是形成新核心能耐之重要來源，亦是企業得以能耐基礎持續成長之動力。The issue of business growth critically challenges managerial capabilities and therefore has been an important research issue in the field of strategic management. According to the fundamental strategy logic, there are two types of strategic logic for a firm in pursuing growth. One is outside-in approach, i.e., pursuing growth mainly based on external opportunities. We may call this as opportunity-based growth strategy. On the contrary, the other one is inside-out approach, i.e., driving growth mainly based on internal distinctive competence. We may call this as competence-based growth strategy. While these two approaches of strategic thinking are nevertheless interrelated, they may have different implication on the strategic choices on development path and resource allocations, which have received little attention in the previous literature. The present research attempts to take a qualitative approach to this interesting yet less explored issue by investigating corporate development history of a local business group, Chi-Mei, Inc., which has transformed herself from a global petrochemical giant to a major play in global TFT-LCD panel market.
To provide comparative industry backgrounds, we start from industry analyses on these two industries in which Chi-Mei involved. We then built the forty-year history of corporate development of Chi Mei in terms of major strategic decisions and subsequent resource allocations the company undertaken along the time line. We specifically emphasize on exploring how different competence levels were developed during different corporate development periods. By so doing, this thesis is able to provide various graphs depicting the interactions between competencies and business growth under which business growth logic of Chi Mei can be drawn.
Based on detailed comparisons between strategic activity systems of Chi-Mei in developing petrochemical and TFT-LCD businesses, we found that a great extent of similaries exists in business logic and competencies between Chi-Mei’s operations in the petrochemical and TFT-LCD industries. In other words, although they are different in industry characteristics, Chi Mei Optoelectronics actually leveraged the core competencies built by Chi Mei Corporation. Moreover, the dynamics between competency and business logic helps to explain the formation of the business growth strategy under the perception of the existence of external opportunities, the development of new competence in overcoming the limits of the environment, and leveraging the existing competences to sustain growth. Overall, we found that a company’s capabilities in building and leveraging competencies constitute the engine of sustaining business growth.誌 謝 I
論文摘要 II
THESIS ABSTRACT III
目 錄 IV
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
中英文縮寫全名對照 IX
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與背景 1
第二節 研究問題 2
第三節 研究目的 3
第四節 論文架構 3
第二章 文獻探討 5
第一節 資源基礎觀點 5
第二節 能耐基礎觀點 8
第三節 能耐基礎成長 12
第三章 研究方法 15
第一節 個案研究法 15
第二節 研究流程 16
第三節 觀念性架構 17
第四節 研究設計 18
第五節 研究限制 21
第四章 產業分析 22
第一節 石化產業 22
第二節 TFT-LCD產業 30
第三節 石化與光電產業之比較 35
第五章 個案分析-奇美集團 39
第一節 奇美實業 42
第二節 奇美電子 57
第六章 研究結果 70
第一節 成長歷程分析 70
第二節 核心能耐分析 76
第三節 能耐基礎成長之意涵 85
第七章 結論與建議 88
第一節 研究結論 88
第二節 研究建議 90
參考文獻 92
附 錄 9
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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