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A Case Study on Competition Strategy and Development for Taiwan LCD Panel Industry Taking AUO as an Example
No full text薄膜電晶體液晶顯示面板 (TFT-LCD Panel) 是近年熱門的產業，主要是技術成熟，和液晶顯示螢幕輕、薄、短、小的特色，被廣泛使用於顯示用途，和不同的電子產品結合，創造出新的應用。也因為這樣，吸引眾多廠商投入液晶面板產業，形成完整又有效率的上下游供應鏈，更加速技術創新及成本下降，形成正向循環，造就台灣成為和韓、日抗衡的液晶面板王國。 在這個競爭激烈，又帶有獨特性的產業，哪些是構成競爭力的要素？這些要素能持續嗎？如果要在這個產業生存，未來可能的發展方向是什麼？這是本研究想要探討的問題。研究依據Porter的五力分析、Brandenburger & Nalebuff的價值網分析、和Hill & Jones的產業生命週期分析架構，作為分析TFT-LCD產業特性的方法。以Porter的「策略定位」、Prahalad與Hamel的「核心能力」、以及Christensen的「延續性科技創新」和「突破性科技創新」的研究，來檢視我國面板產業龍頭“友達光電”其重要的競爭力，及可能潛在的威脅並建議未來可能的發展。 由個案研究歸納出液晶面板產業重要的競爭力因素有：、技術創新的能力。、掌握低成本製造的能力。、能掌握低成本的上游原料及零組件供應鏈，這個供應鏈還要具有配合創新需求的技術開發能力。、能掌握終端產品製造商(即面板廠的客戶)脈動，適時推出新產品的能力。推論認為未來發展方向有：、向供應鏈的上、下游擴展。、發展與TFT-LCD製造技術相近的薄膜型太陽能電池，並於二者整合成為節能環保的顯示器技術。、與終端產品開發結盟，開發適用的技術來引導應用創新。、提供整合解決方案，以服務新進顧客，降低其應用障礙，提高其轉移障礙。 檢視正在發展的顯示器技術中，以有機發光二極體（Organic Light Emitting Diode, OLED）技術最具威脅性。若製造技術再成熟、供應鏈更完善，進一步降低成本，OLED具有全面替代TFT-LCD的潛力，而其可發展的應用範圍更廣。為因應此挑戰，多數一線TFT-LCD廠商也積極投入OLED的開發，是最佳例證。目 錄試委員會審定書 I 謝 II 要 IIIBSTRACT V 錄 VII目錄 X目錄 XII一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究動機 2 第二節 研究目的與問題 3 第三節 研究重要性 3 第四節 研究範圍 4 第五節 論文架構 5二章 文獻探討 7 第一節 競爭策略 7 第二節 產業分析 11 第三節 創新 18三章 研究方法 25 第一節 個案研究方法 25 第二節 個案標的公司的選取 25 第三節 資料來源 26 第四節 研究流程 26四章 TFT-LCD產業結構分析 28 第一節 TFT-LCD產業的歷程 28 第二節 TFT-LCD的工作原理及技術 31 第三節 TFT-LCD成本結構與產業分析 37五章 友達光電之競爭策略探討 47 一、看到超額利潤及市場機會，進入市場 47 二、擴充產能，成為產業重要成員 47 三、持續投資新世代，加速學習曲線，充分發揮邊際效益 48 四、成本、成本、還是成本 50 五、技術扎根、提升產品性能以確保產品競爭力 51 六、組織優化，以客為尊 52 七、產品規格的領導者 53 八、綠色承諾，實質回饋 54六章 結論與建議 56 第一節 結論 56 第二節 研究的限制 59 第三節 管理意涵 59 第四節 對未來研究之建議 61考文獻 62 一、中文文獻 62 二、英文文獻 63 三、相關資料來源 64錄一、友達光電介紹 65目錄 2 - 1能力：競爭力根源 9 2 - 2營運效能 – 生產力疆界線 10 2 - 3價值-價格-成本關係 12 2 - 4 Porter的五力分析架構 13 2 - 5價值網分析架構 16 2 - 6競爭者分析的架構 17 2 - 7延續性科技與突破性科技變革之影響 18 2 - 8傳統科技S型曲線 19 2 - 9突破性科技S型曲線 20 2 - 10價值創新：藍海策略的基石 22 2 - 11藍海策略的四項行動架構 23 3 - 1研究流程 27 4 - 1靜態驅動LCD 28 4 - 2簡單多畫素點矩陣LCD 29 4 - 3 TFT作為畫素控制開關 29 4 - 4 TFT-LCD構造簡圖 30 4 - 5大尺寸TFT-LCD各國量產時間及應用發展 31 4 - 6 TFT-LCD的應用無所不在 31 4 - 7液晶的雙折射性 32 4 - 8液晶的雙介電常數 32 4 - 9畫素與次畫素 34 4 - 10 Array 製程 35 4 - 11 Cell製程 36 4 - 12 Module製程 36 4 - 13 TFT公用訊息顯示器全球出貨量 46 5 - 1全球LCD TV出貨尺寸比例分佈 49 5 - 2各世代玻璃基板尺寸及量產時間對應 49 5 - 3顧客導向的組織運作 53 6 - 1 Profit Sources 60目錄 1 - 1台灣面板五虎 2 1 - 2論文架構 6 2 - 1產業結構的光譜 7 2 - 2紅海與藍海策略的對比 21 2 - 3藍海策略的六個原則 22 4 - 1面板成本結構 37 4 - 2 TFT-LCD產業上游原物料及零組件供應鏈 39 4 - 3產業生命週期之特徵 45 5 - 1各世代線的經濟切割尺寸及投資效益 50 5 - 2友達對上游廠商的垂直整合 51 5 - 3友達產品技術特性與應用 52 5 - 4友達光電簡化的合併損益表 (1999~2007) 5
Ultrasonographic Approach to Detect the Resonance Frequency of the Plantar Fascia
No full text足底筋膜是足底部重要的受力構造。由於在日常生活或運動的活動中，足底筋膜易受到反覆且過度的張力牽張，足底筋膜炎成為臨床上常見的足部問題之一。要了解足底筋膜的成因及其致病機轉，必須先了解足底筋膜的機械特質。
過去對於足底筋膜的研究大多是以離體的方式進行，亦即將足底筋膜取下，利用外力拉伸以測得其機械性質。唯一以活體方式測得足底筋膜機械性質的實驗是用是以螢光攝影術，即連續的Ｘ射線取得受試者足部的影像。此法使受試者曝露於過度放射線的危險，因此不易成為臨床使用的檢測工具。
本研究目的在建立使用超音波影像儀及加速度計測量足底筋膜共振頻率的方法，並以此一創新的方法量測足部在不同負載狀態下，足底筋膜共振頻率的變化。計有十三位年輕的健康志願者參與本實驗。實驗的方式是在受試者的足背放置振動馬達及加速度計，並由足底部以杜卜勒超音波影像法觀察足底筋膜的振動速度，藉由加速度計所測得的振動馬達振動加速度以及杜卜勒超音波測得的足底筋膜振動速度，可分別求出振動馬達及足底筋膜的振幅，二者相除可得其頻率響應，取其峰值所對應的頻率即為足底筋膜的共振頻率。本研究的重測信度係於站姿進行，以組內相關係數及標準誤表示。受試者共進行三次的測試，分別於坐姿、站姿及負重狀況測量。不同姿勢下共振頻率的差異係以重覆量測變異數分析檢測，若α=.05則視為有統計上的顯著差異，將進一步以事後檢定來檢測任兩組間的差異，此時α值調整為0.167。
結果顯示本研究再測信度為尚可至良好，其相關係數為0.684，測量標準誤則為1.79 Hz。足底筋膜的共振頻率在坐姿為20.4Plantar fascia is the main load-bearing structure beneath the foot, which is noted to be vulnerable to excessive or abnormal stress acting on it. It is essential to study the mechanical properties of the plantar fascia to reveal the patho-mechanism of plantar fasciitis. In the past, researchers explored the mechanical properties of the plantar fascia via in vitro methods, which may not be able to reflect the properties of the fascia in a living system. The only in vivo study used the fluoroscopy, a series of X-ray, to obtain the image of the foot. This method may risk the participants in radiation exposure, avoided this method to be widely or repetitively used in the clinic.
It is, therefore, necessary to develop a method to detect the mechanical properties of the plantar fascia. To measure the resonance frequency of the plantar fascia and to clarify the relationship between the resonance frequency and the load acting on the foot, 13 healthy young participants were recruited in this study. A vibrator mounted with accelerometer was attached to the dorsum of the foot. The Doppler ultrasonography was used to detect the vibration speed of the plantar fascia beneath the foot. Through the acceleration of the vibrator detected by the accelerometer and the speed of the vibrating plantar fascia from the Doppler ultrasonography, amplitudes of vibration of the vibrator and the plantar fascia could be determined. By dividing the amplitude of the plantar fascia by the amplitude of the accelerometer, the resonance frequency of the plantar fascia was determined as the peak value of the frequency spectrum. The reliability was tested in the standing condition repetitively. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and the standard error of measurement (SEM) were used to represent the reliability of the test. The resonance frequency was also detected for the sitting, standing, and loaded conditions. For the sitting condition, participants were asked to sit on a high chair with their foot place on the platform. Their hands were not allowed to place on their thighs to avoid unexpected loads on the foot. For the standing condition, the participants were asked to stand on two acrylic testing platforms with their feet apart at shoulder width and to keep their trunk upright when the data were collected. The loaded condition was the same as the standing condition except the participants were asked to wear a weight jacket in order to create a loaded condition of 50% of body weight on the body. ANOVA with repeated measures was used to examine the differences of various loading conditions. Level of significance was set atTABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgment......................................i
Abstract..........................................iii
Table of contents................................viii
List of Figures.....................................x
List of Tables.....................................xi
Chapter 1. Introduction.............................1
1.1 Motivation and Background…………….............2
1.2 Purposes........................................5
1.3 Research Questions and Hypothesis...............5
1.4 Significance....................................6
1.5 Glossary........................................7
Chapter 2. Literature Review........................9
2.1 Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Plantar Fascia.10
2.2 Mechanical Properties of the Plantar Fascia Under Various Conditions.....11
2.3 Resonance Frequency for the Detection of the Micro Trauma of Biological Tissues........13
2.4 Changes in Resonance Frequency with Different Loads............................17
2.5 Doppler Ultrasonography........................18
Chapter 3. Materials and Methods...................20
3.1 Participants...................................21
3.2 Instrumentation................................22
3.3 Phantom Study..................................27
3.4 Procedure......................................29
3.5 Data Analysis..................................33
3.6 Statistical Analysis...........................37
Chapter 4. Results.................................39
4.1 Resonance Frequency of a Rubber Band...........40
4.2 Participants Information.......................41
4.3 Patterns of Frequency Response of Vibration....42
4.4 Test-Retest Reliability of Measurement of Resonance Frequency..............45
4.5 Resonance Frequency in Different Conditions....46
Chapter 5. Discussion..............................48
Chapter 6. Conclusions.............................53
References.........................................54
Appendix...........................................5
Interfacial Reactions and Doping in Organic Light Emitting Diodes Incorporated with Cesium-Based Compounds
No full textDevelopment of the Flood Warning Criteria for gricultural Crops －A Case Study of Short-term Leaf Vegetables in Yunlin Siluo and Erlun Areas
No full text短期菜類作物在夏季時為國內主要新鮮蔬菜來源，但也因為其組織柔軟，易受颱風豪雨損害。近年來全球受極端天氣影響，極端降雨不斷發生，以至於淹水災害的衝擊愈來愈大，而使颱風過後短期葉菜無法及時供應，故本研究將評估臺灣重要農業生產區─雲林地區短期葉菜之淹水災害警戒值。 本研究利用羅吉斯回歸分析(Logistic regression analysis)進行評估，將二維淹水模式重現重大淹水事件之淹水深度及淹水時間與天然災害救助資料建立短期葉菜淹水受害模式。並根據情境模擬分析，比較受害面積比率與情境雨量之關係，繪製短期葉菜受害機率地圖，推估適用於雲林二崙西螺短期葉菜之農作物淹水災害警戒值，用以做為減少損失風險規劃之依據。In Taiwan, Leafy vegetables from short-lived herbaceous plants have high production in summer. However, the fragile leaves of these vegetables will suffer from Typhoon and heavy rainfall. Owing to the increase in extreme weather events in recent years, frequent flood disasters caused by heavy rainfall result in significant decrease in the production of leafy vegetables. Under such circumstance, we aim at developing an approach to study the impact of flooding on the production of leafy vegetables and also apply the proposed model to the agricultural areas in Yunlin, Taiwan. In addition to provided records of natural disaster financial assistance, inundation depth and time in several real flood events are computed based on a two-dimensional inundation model. The formulation among the inundation depth and time, records of natural disaster aid and decrease in production of leafy vegetables is therefore established by virtue of the logistic regression. Furthermore, risk maps of decrease in production of leafy vegetables at any rainfalls can be presented through the established formulation. Depending on the risk maps, a warning rainfall criteria is proposed to conduct a risk assessment of decrease in production of leafy vegetables in Yunlin in this study
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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