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Characterization of the biological function of Epstein-Barr virus ssDNA-binding protein BALF2
No full textEB病毒和一些人類的惡性疾病具有高度相關性，它感染宿主後會進入潛伏期，也能經由刺激再度活化而進入溶裂期。EB病毒於溶裂期時會利用自己所製造的複製相關蛋白質有效率地複製病毒的DNA。病毒所製造的單股DNA結合蛋白質(ssDNA-binding protein)，BALF2，即為DNA複製所需的蛋白質之一。單股DNA結合蛋白質能夠經由結合單股DNA使其不被核酸酶所分解，並且防止其形成二級結構，同時也可能會透過與其他蛋白質形成一個複製複合體(replication complex)以輔助DNA進行複製。本研究的目的是分析BALF2的功能區域(functional domain)，並且探討BALF2可能的生物功能。首先，為了定位BALF2的ssDNA-binding domain和nuclear localization signal (NLS)，根據一些生物資訊以及和其他單股DNA結合蛋白質的氨基酸序列比對，建構表現不同片段BALF2的質體，並以ssDNA-cellulose層析法來測試利用試管內轉錄及轉譯系統所表現的不同片段BALF2與單股DNA的親和力。實驗結果確認利用氨基酸序列比對所發現的單股DNA結合蛋白質保守結構ssDNA-binding motif (BALF2 a.a. 741-785)的確對於BALF2結合單股DNA是重要的。其他的BALF2 deletion mutant與單股DNA之間的親和力也觀察到有下降的情形，推測可能是蛋白質結構的改變進而造成與單股DNA之間的親和力下降。此外，利用免疫螢光實驗發現缺少N端、C端或是保守結構ssDNA-binding motif的BALF2都會影響進核的比例。另外，為了確認能夠與BALF2有交互作用的病毒蛋白質，本研究以共免疫沉澱實驗進一步驗證BALF2與其他病毒蛋白質之間的交互作用，結果證實BALF2能夠和BGLF5 (核酸酶)以及BVRF1 (病毒外殼相關披膜蛋白質)產生交互作用。此外，為了探討BALF2在溶裂期DNA複製時的生物功能，透過PCR-targeting的方式，建構了一個將EB病毒B95-8 strain bacmid (p2089)的BALF2 ORF剔除的bacmid，簡稱為p2089ΔBALF2。目前已經利用PCR，BamHI切割及定序這三種方式確認p2089ΔBALF2的正確性。綜合實驗的觀察，對於BALF2的ssDNA-binding domain、進核機制以及BALF2和BGLF5 (核酸酶)及BVRF1 (病毒外殼相關披膜蛋白質)之間交互作用的生物意義仍然需要進一步的研究。Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is highly associated with several human malignancies. After infection, EBV can become latent and be reactivated into lytic replication. EBV is equipped with lytic viral proteins to efficiently replicate viral DNA. EBV-encoded ssDNA-binding protein, BALF2, is one of the essential viral replication proteins. The functions of ssDNA-binding proteins are to protect ssDNA from nucleases digestion and prevent ssDNA from forming secondary structure. It may also help DNA replication through forming a replication complex with other proteins. The specific aim of this study is to dissect the functional domain of BALF2, and to explore possible biological functions of BALF2. First, different deletion mutants were generated according to bioinformatics and sequence alignment with other ssDNA-binding proteins for mapping the ssDNA-binding domain and nuclear localization signal (NLS) of BALF2. The DNA binding affinities of different in vitro translated BALF2 deletion constructs were examined by ssDNA-cellulose chromatography. The result indicated that the conserved structure ssDNA-binding motif (BALF2 a.a. 741-785), identified by amino acid alignment, is important for BALF2 to bind ssDNA. Moreover, the decrease of ssDNA-affinity was also observed in other BALF2 deletion mutants, which may result from abnormal protein structure. In addition, the immunofluorescence assay revealed that the deletion of N-terminus or C-terminus or ssDNA-binding motif regions affected the nuclear targeting of BALF2. To search for BALF2 interacting viral protein, co-immunoprecipitation assay was used to confirm the interaction between BALF2 and other viral proteins, which showed that BALF2 interacts with BGLF5 (nuclease) and BVRF1 (capsid-associated tegument protein). To explore the biological function of BALF2 on EBV lytic replication, a BALF2 knock-out B95-8 bacmid (p2089ΔBALF2) was generated through PCR-targeting protocol, and its correctness was confirmed by PCR, BamHI-digestion, and sequencing. Overall, the ssDNA-binding domain of BALF2, the mechanism of BALF2 nuclear localization, and the biological significances of the interaction with BGLF5 (nuclease) and BVRF1 (capsid-associated tegument protein) all need to be further studied
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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