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    Integrated management of rice diseases in Taiwan

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    文獻記載臺灣稻作及稻米共有75 種病害,常見的稻作病害有16 種。水稻病害依照病原生態、感染及傳播速率,可分為風土病及流行病兩大類。瞭解病害發生之生態,有利於病害之管理。水稻病害之綜合管理,包括選種稻抗病品種、栽培管理及藥劑防治三大項。稻抗病品種推出後,病原菌會產生新生理小種,致使抗病品種罹病化,區域性稻品種多樣化可降低病害之大流行。栽培管理工作,包括稻種處理、育苗、整地、灌排水、行株距、施肥及田間衛生等均需相互對應。瞭解發病生態可掌握藥劑防治適機。風土病每年甚至每期稻作都會發生的病害,可依據稻生育期決定防治時機。流行病則受氣候影響,要留意病害發生預測,掌握發病初期的防治措施。 Many resistant rice cultivars have been developed against diseases. But their resistance was lost or ‘break down’ because of the development of new races of the pathogens. Several varieties were recommended in order to diversify the resistant genes in a local area. Health seeds should be selected by salting water before seeding. Inner soil of paddy field was the best growth material of rice seedlings. Plastic covering protects rice seedlings from chilling and insect vectors in 1st crop. Field sanitation, crop rotation, adjustment of planting date, proper fertilization, good water management, soil amendment and chemical application have been suggested
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