300 research outputs found
Oral history interview with Sly Alley
No full textSly Alley, author and poet, recalls his youth growing up in Tecumseh, Oklahoma, and some of his early experiences as a Native American. He discusses his educational journey, his various jobs, and how he became interested in writing poetry. He also talks about his creative process and about sources of inspiration. Alley received the 2017 Oklahoma Book Award for poetry.The Deep Roots: Oklahoma Authors Collection is a series of interviews with authors who discuss their lives, work, and creative processes
A genetic basis for a postmeiotic X versus Y chromosome intragenomic conflict in the mouse.
Full text linkIntragenomic conflicts arise when a genetic element favours its own transmission to the detriment of others. Conflicts over sex chromosome transmission are expected to have influenced genome structure, gene regulation, and speciation. In the mouse, the existence of an intragenomic conflict between X- and Y-linked multicopy genes has long been suggested but never demonstrated. The Y-encoded multicopy gene Sly has been shown to have a predominant role in the epigenetic repression of post meiotic sex chromatin (PMSC) and, as such, represses X and Y genes, among which are its X-linked homologs Slx and Slxl1. Here, we produced mice that are deficient for both Sly and Slx/Slxl1 and observed that Slx/Slxl1 has an opposite role to that of Sly, in that it stimulates XY gene expression in spermatids. Slx/Slxl1 deficiency rescues the sperm differentiation defects and near sterility caused by Sly deficiency and vice versa. Slx/Slxl1 deficiency also causes a sex ratio distortion towards the production of male offspring that is corrected by Sly deficiency. All in all, our data show that Slx/Slxl1 and Sly have antagonistic effects during sperm differentiation and are involved in a postmeiotic intragenomic conflict that causes segregation distortion and male sterility. This is undoubtedly what drove the massive gene amplification on the mouse X and Y chromosomes. It may also be at the basis of cases of F1 male hybrid sterility where the balance between Slx/Slxl1 and Sly copy number, and therefore expression, is disrupted. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first demonstration of a competition occurring between X and Y related genes in mammals. It also provides a biological basis for the concept that intragenomic conflict is an important evolutionary force which impacts on gene expression, genome structure, and speciation
The Real Story of Stone Soup
No full textA first pair of pages challenges the traditional story about a hungry soldier tricking some stingy villagers into making him a big pot of soup. "The truth is that stone soup was invented here in China, and without any sly tricks. Here is the real story." The real story is that the lazy young Chang brothers taught their uncle, the narrator, the qualities of fish stones, vegetable stones, and egg stones. When heated up, these stones make great soup. The last of these stones are slightly deaf and need louder coaching. Of course the soup ends up tasting wonderful! There is a recipe for "Chang Brothers' Egg Drop Stone Soup" at the end of the book.This is a hardbound book (hard cover)This book has a dust jacket (book cover)First editionYing Chang Compestin
Data analyzed in the Palgrave Communications article, “The Argentine Portion of the Soybean Commodity Chain”
No full textData analyzed in the Palgrave Communications article, “The Argentine Portion of the Soybean Commodity Chain”.The datasets analysed during the current study. All data were originally obtained from publicly accessible websites. These datasets were derived from the following public domain resources: Argentine National Statistic Institute INDEC. http://www.indec.gov.ar National Agricultural CENSUS. http://www.indec.gov.ar/nivel4_default.asp?id_tema_1=3&id_tema_2=8&id_tema_3=87 USDA United States Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service https://apps.fas.usda.gov/psdonline/app/index.html#/app/advQuery Argentine Ministry of Finance http://www.economia.gob.ar TELAM, Argentine National Press Agency, 2014. http://www.telam.com.ar Worldbank http://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/home.do?Step=2&id=4 Publication Date: 07/05/2017 Author: Maria Jose Haro Sly Contact: Federal University of Santa Catarina – [email protected]
The pattern of methacholine responsiveness in mice is dependent on antigen challenge dose
Full text linkBackground
Considerable variation exists in the protocols used to induce hyperresponsiveness in murine models of allergic sensitisation. We examined the effect of varying the number of antigen exposures at challenge on the development of methacholine responsiveness in systemically sensitised mice.
Methods
BALB/c mice were sensitised with ovalbumin (OVA), challenged with 1, 3 or 6 OVA aerosols. Lung function was measured using low frequency forced oscillations and partitioned into components representing the airways (Raw) and lung parenchyma (tissue damping (G) and tissue elastance (H)). Responsiveness to inhaled methacholine (MCh), inflammatory cell profile and circulating IgE were assessed 24 and 48 hours after challenge. The threshold dose of MCh required to elicit a detectable response (sensitivity) and response to 30 mg.mL-1 (maximal response) were determined for each compartment.
Results
Sensitivity; All three OVA protocols resulted in an increased sensitivity to MCh in Raw but not in G or H. These responses where present at 24 and 48 hrs, except 1 OVA aerosol in which changes had resolved by 48 hrs. Maximal response; 1 OVA aerosol increased maximal responses in Raw, G and H at 24 hrs, which was gone by 48 hrs. Three OVA aerosols increased responses in H at 48 hrs only. Six OVA challenges caused increases in Raw, G and H at both 24 and 48 hrs. Eosinophils increased with increasing antigen challenges. IgE was elevated by OVA sensitisation but not boosted by OVA aerosol challenge.
Conclusions
The pattern of eosinophilia, IgE and MCh responsiveness in mice was determined by antigen dose at challenge. In this study, increased sensitivity to MCh was confined to the airways whereas increases in maximal responses occurred in both the airway and parenchymal compartments. The presence of eosinophilia and IgE did not always coincide with increased responsiveness to inhaled MCh. These findings require further systematic study to determine whether different mechanisms underlie airway and parenchymal hyperresponsiveness post antigen challenge
Lawyer Sly
Full text linkA man tries different professions.https://egrove.olemiss.edu/kgbsides_uk/1860/thumbnail.jp
Upper Bounds on the 2-Colorability Threshold of Random d-Regular k-Uniform Hypergraphs for k ≥ 3
Full text linkFor a large class of random constraint satisfaction problems (csp), deep but non-rigorous theory from statistical physics predict the location of the sharp satisfiability transition. The works of Ding, Sly, Sun (2014, 2016) and Coja-Oghlan, Panagiotou (2014) established the satisfiability threshold for random regular k-nae-sat, random k-sat, and random regular k-sat for large enough k ≥ k₀ where k₀ is a large non-explicit constant. Establishing the same for small values of k ≥ 3 remains an important open problem in the study of random csps.
In this work, we study two closely related models of random csps, namely the 2-coloring on random d-regular k-uniform hypergraphs and the random d-regular k-nae-sat model. For every k ≥ 3, we prove that there is an explicit d_⋆(k) which gives a satisfiability upper bound for both of the models. Our upper bound d_⋆(k) for k ≥ 3 matches the prediction from statistical physics for the hypergraph 2-coloring by Dall’Asta, Ramezanpour, Zecchina (2008), thus conjectured to be sharp. Moreover, d_⋆(k) coincides with the satisfiability threshold of random regular k-nae-sat for large enough k ≥ k₀ by Ding, Sly, Sun (2014)
Environmental exposures in the era of climate change
No full textEnvironmental exposures in the era of climate chang
Wright 14
No full textAnother nicely conceived work by Biro. Sixteen pages. I have been fortunate to find the whole set of #13-18 on eBay. Biro's style remains engaging. Clouds of steam arising from the delicious food are important in this version. So is the repetition of the phrase What a sly fox! in What a clever stork! This version of the story is developed differently from Biro's presentation in The Fox and the Stork and The Man, His Son and the Ass from Award Publications in 2001. Perhaps the best illustration in this version has the fox laughing while the stork looks down chagrined at her full, steaming bowl of soup.Oswald Watzk
Depletion and reconstitution of macrophages in mice
Full text linkMacrophages are critical players in the innate immune response to infectious challenge or injury, initiating the innate immune response and directing the acquired immune response. Macrophage dysfunction can lead to an inability to mount an appropriate immune response and as such, has been implicated in many disease processes, including inflammatory bowel diseases. Macrophages display polarized phenotypes that are broadly divided into two categories. Classically activated macrophages, activated by stimulation with IFNγ or LPS, play an essential role in response to bacterial challenge whereas alternatively activated macrophages, activated by IL-4 or IL-13, participate in debris scavenging and tissue remodeling and have been implicated in the resolution phase of inflammation. During an inflammatory response in vivo, macrophages are found amid a complex mixture of infiltrating immune cells and may participate by exacerbating or resolving inflammation. To define the role of macrophages in situ in a whole animal model, it is necessary to examine the effect of depleting macrophages from the complex environment. To ask questions about the role of macrophage phenotype in situ, phenotypically defined polarized macrophages can be derived ex vivo, from bone marrow aspirates and added back to mice, with or without prior depletion of macrophages. In the protocol presented here clodronate-containing liposomes, versus PBS injected controls, were used to deplete colonic macrophages during dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. In addition, polarized macrophages were derived ex vivo and transferred to mice by intravenous injection. A caveat to this approach is that clodronate-containing liposomes deplete all professional phagocytes, including both dendritic cells and macrophages so to ensure the effect observed by depletion is macrophage-specific, reconstitution of phenotype by adoptive transfer of macrophages is necessary. Systemic macrophage depletion in mice can also be achieved by backcrossing mice onto a CD11b-DTR background, which is an excellent complementary approach. The advantage of clodronate-containing liposome-mediated depletion is that it does not require the time and expense involved in backcrossing mice and it can be used in mice regardless of the background of the mice (C57BL/6, BALB/c, or mixed background).Peer reviewedfinal article publishe
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