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The Position / Identity Logic of the Post-Cold War Sino-Japanese Relations: Balance of Threat Theory Revisited
No full text 一直以來，大國關係被認為是影響各國權力互動與勢力均衡的重要因素之一；也是國際關係學界與傳統主流國關理論關注的重點，因此在東亞，中國與日本的雙邊關係與互動模式便成為此區域的重要課題。而回顧過去研究中日關係的相關著作，可發現研究者大多遵循主流的學術脈絡，從現實主義的角度切入來強調物質（軍事安全、經濟合作等）因素的影響，並以權力平衡(Balance of Power)作為分析框架等，視角較為單一。然而，有鑑於中日關係受到長期的歷史往來過程與結果的影響，許多延續至今的歷史遺產（特別是非物質層面）在關鍵時刻往往會扮演左右雙邊關係的重要角色，因此在分析中日關係時，社會建構論所強調的理念與非物質等主觀因素不應被忽視。 本文主張物質性因素與非物質性因素並不是二分的互斥關係，而是都真實存在，並能相互影響、相互補充的分析視角，因此試圖跳脫單一理論脈絡的限制，運用「分析的折衷主義」(analytical eclecticism)精神來尋求一個同時結合兩種因素的分析框架，以檢視冷戰後中日關係合作與衝突的動因。本文在現實主義學者華特(Stephen Walt)提出的「威脅平衡論」框架下，運用國家「位置」（物質因素）與「身分」（非物質因素）兩種分析視角觀察冷戰後中日關係的發展與變化，因而得到兩種不同的關係變化。本研究結果便證明了即便大國關係之中物質因素的影響力絕對存在並經常扮演主要角色，但非物質因素的重要性並不能被忽視，有鑑於未來中日關係的發展，不論在雙邊或多邊的層次都會持續維持複雜多變的特色，同時受到權力、制度與觀念等因素不同程度的制約，因此必須同時掌握物質因素與非物質因素的變化，才能對中日關係發展與東亞區域情勢進行更貼近現實的觀察與解釋。 Relations among great powers have always been the key factor of balance of power and power transition in world politics. Accordingly, the Sino-Japanese relations play the dominant role in East Asia regional politics. However, most theoretical literature of Sino-Japanese relations adopt realist paradigm which usually narrowly emphasizes materialist balance (military, economic factors, etc.) for explanation. Meanwhile, during long interactions between China and Japan in history for the pass two thousand years, historical legacy continuously played critical roles in their war and peace. The author thus argues that ideational/non-material factors should not be ignored for any serious account of Sino-Japanese relations. This thesis suggests that material and non-material factors are not totally dichotomic but mutually supported. In light of analytical eclecticism, this study offers a framework covering both material / ideational perspectives for case studies. Based on the “Balance of threat theory” proposed by Stephen Walt, this thesis shows two different results of the Post-cold war Sino-Japanese relations by applying the “position logic” (material factors) and “identity logic” (non-material / ideational factors). The result argues that the importance of non-material factors cannot be ignored even if the key variable for the relations of major powers is material factor. In the future, the change on the Sino-Japanese relations and East Asia will be so complicated that cannot be explained away without considering non-material factors
Detection and Identification of Renal Stone Image Using Ultrasound Image
No full text腎結石在現代已經成為一種很普遍的疾病，一種最常用的治療方式是震波碎石治療。然而，現行的震波碎石治療由於缺乏一自動偵測腎結石位置的機制，使得震波常未準確聚焦在結石位置，不但降低治療效率，更會對人體組織產生不可忽視的傷害。本研究提出一偵測演算法，利用結石於超音波影像中具有高亮度及具有陰影之特性，先以亮點偵測於畫面中找出可能為結石的亮點位置，再以對比估測來判定一亮點是否具有陰影，可以自動於超音波影像中偵測出結石位置，以期能夠改善震波碎石治療的效果並減少副作用。Kidney stone is a popular disease in recent time. One kind of popular treatment is Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripter (ESWL). Existing ESWL is lack of an automatic method to detect the position of kidney stone, so the shock wave miss-shot often happens. This situation often causes damage in human body. This research presents a practicable algorithm, using the property that stone in ultrasonic image has high gray level and shadow. First we find some possible positions of stone by spot detection, then we use contrast estimation to determine whether a spot is a stone or not. We can detect position of stone automatically in ultrasonic image. We hope this algorithm can improve ESWL treatment and reduce side effect第一章 緒論...................................... 1
1.1 前言........................................ 1
1.2 震波碎石治療的發展.......................... 2
1.3 研究動機及範圍.............................. 4
1.4 研究流程..................................... 5
1.5 論文架構................................... 5
第二章 原理探討..................................... 7
2.1 體外震波碎石機原理簡介....................... 7
2.2 超音波原理簡介............................. 11
2.3 腎結石超音波影像之特徵....................... 13
2.4 腎結石之運動模式............................. 14
2.5 現有方法之探討............................... 16
2.6 特徵擷取..................................... 18
第三章 結石偵測與辨識............................... 21
3.1 亮點偵測................................. 22
3.1.1 亮點偵測器的設計與參數調整................ 22
3.1.2 局部強點偵測器之設計......................... 33
3.2 軸向對比估測................................. 36
3.3 橫向對比估測...................................... 39
第四章 結果與討論.................................. 43
4.1 使用Log-cosine濾波器之結果................... 43
4.1.1 亮點特徵統計分佈............................. 43
4.1.2 對比指標統計分佈............................ 47
4.1.3 偵測與辨識結果.............................. 49
4.2 使用LoG濾波器之結果.............................. 50
4.2.1 亮點特徵統計分佈............................. 50
4.2.2 對比指標統計分佈............................. 53
4.2.3 偵測與辨識結果............................. 55
第五章 結論與未來工作..........................56
參考文獻............................................ 5
Environmental factors associated with the spatial distribution of female breast cancers in Taiwan (2005-2007).
No full text目的：流行病學結合地理科學已經成為研究趨勢。本研究想透過疾病地圖與空間分析方法瞭解台灣地區女性乳癌在未滿40歲及40歲以上發生率、盛行率與死亡率之空間分佈情形並比較不同年份的時空變異，進而利用空間統計方法探索資料的空間特性，尋找乳癌群聚地區的社會環境致病因子。
方法：採橫斷式研究設計、次級資料分析，運用2005-2007年「癌症登記資料庫」、「死因檔資料庫」以及衛生署「鄉鎮癌症就診統計-乳癌」，研究對象為女性乳癌患者。空間分析以最近鄰居法(k-Nearest Neighbors)之最近五個鄉鎮(k=5)為鄰區的權重矩陣，病已全域型空間自相關指標Moran’s I與區域型空間自相關LISA進行空間相依性分析，探討乳癌是否呈現群聚現象。本研究並進一步探討社會環境因子與乳癌的相關性，利用空間延遲模型探討空間鄰近效應與利用地理加權迴歸解釋地理變異情形。
結果：台灣地區女性在2005-2007年三個年段之未滿40歲之乳癌準準化盛行率與40歲以上乳癌標準化發生率及盛行率有顯著群聚現象；2005-2007年死亡率在全年齡都沒有發現群聚現象。進一步針對群聚現象瞭解與社會環境因子之相關性，結果發現與都市化綜合發展、速食店密度和女性平均工時皆為顯著正向相關；而與工業區沒有統計顯著。利用空間延遲模型發現空間鄰近效應有達到顯著影響，因而使用地理加權迴歸解釋地理變異情形。在地理加權迴歸與傳統一般迴歸進行模式比較之後發現，地理加權迴歸之參數估計較傳統迴歸來的精確，顯示利用地理加權迴歸分析，可在控制地理變異下探討社會環境因子對乳癌的影響，可視為較佳分析模式。
結論：本研究利用空間分析瞭解台灣地區女性乳癌之社會環境危險因子，發現乳癌確實存在區位特性，希望相關單位針對乳癌防治能更因地制宜以達到有效預防的成效。The combination of Epidemiology and Earth Sciences has become a research trend lately. The purpose of this research is to understand the occurrence rate, the prevalence of breast cancer and the death rate among Taiwanese women whom are below forty and above forty years old through disease mapping and spatial analysis regarding different years of spatial distribution and temporal and spatial variation. Thus, use spatial statistical method to explore the spatial characteristics of the data and to search for the social causative agent among breast cancer cluster region.
The subjects were female breast cancer patient. Based on cross-sectional study design and secondary data analysis apply 2005~2007 Cancer Registry Database, Cause of Death File Database and Department of Health of Rural Area Cancer Treatment Statistics – Breast Cancer. Spatial analysis is based on K Nearest Neighbors method and five of the nearest towns (k=5) are adjacent areas’ spatial weight matrix. The disease has global spatial autocorrelation index, Moran’s I and regional spatial autocorrelation index, LISA, are as spatial dependency analysis to investigate whether breast cancer is cluster phenomenon or not. This research will further explore the correlation between the society environmental factor and breast cancer, the use of space delay model of spatial proximity effect and geographically weighted regression to explain the geographic mutation.
Within 2005 to 2007, the three year period has shown that breast cancer under age of 40 quasi-standardized prevalence and over forty years old, breast cancer standardized incidence and prevalence of significant clustering phenomenon among Taiwanese women. However, there is no indication showing that death rate does not appear to be cluster phenomenon among all ages. To further understand clustering phenomenon of social environmental factor, the result shows that urbanization, fast food chain stores density, and average female working hours are significant and positive correlation. Though, there is no valid statistics of industrial area. It is found that the use of space delay model of spatial proximity effect has significant impact and because of that, geographically weighted regression has been used to explain the geographic mutation. After comparing geographically weighted regression and traditional regression model, geographically weighted regression has more accurate parameter estimation than traditional regression model. It is indicated that geographically weighted regression method can be seen as the best analysis model regarding investigate the impact of social environmental factor towards breast cancer while controlling geographic variation.
This research uses spatial analysis to comprehend the relationship between breast cancer among Taiwanese women and social environmental risk factor. As a result, breast cancer does exist the characteristics of locational factor. Hope the relevant units for breast cancer prevention can be more adapted to local conditions in order to achieve effective prevention
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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