1,720,955 research outputs found
Study of Inflorescence Identity and Floral Determinacy Genes on Inflorescence Transition in Titanotrichum
No full text 部分被子植物已分化的花芽或花序分生組織，會逆轉回營養芽或營養性莖頂，這種現象前人統稱為「成花反轉」。一般推測，成花反轉現象能保障該類植物具有多年性生活史、或具有假性胎生（如產生珠芽等無性繁殖體）繁殖策略。臺灣原生之苦苣苔科植物俄氏草（Titanotrichum oldhamii）於其一年為週期之生活史中具獨特的成花反轉（花序轉換）現象：成花花序於花期後轉變為珠芽枝，即由重複產生側生的珠芽（枝）分生組織取代花芽分生組織以進行假性胎生。為檢視俄氏草花序轉換的可能機制，本研究中釣取與花序及成花相關的四個候選調節基因：協調花芽形成的花芽分生組織特性基因ToFLO、概與其拮抗之花序分生組織特性基因ToCEN、莖頂分生組織幹細胞特性基因ToROA，及花芽分化末期抑制幹細胞活性的花器特性基因ToPLE，並相互比較其在不同發育時期基因表現與形態上的關聯。 各候選基因中唯獨花序分生組織ToCEN的表現趨勢吻合發育上的轉換：原先未在分化花芽中表現之ToCEN卻於將成為珠芽枝的分生組織中持續表現，此即暗示俄氏草花序反轉與分生組織額外獲賦予營養型生長之花序特性有關；另外花芽分生組織特性基因ToFLO仍可表現在側生之珠芽（枝）分生組織中，推測其表現下降時非花序轉換發生時之必要條件，而ToFLO表現亦非步向花芽分化之充分條件，故尚無證據支持俄氏草花序轉換係與花芽分生組織失去成花特性有關。本研究初步顯示俄氏草花序轉換概與花序分生組織特性基因ToCEN表現相關，預計可再進行功能性分析以釐清ToCEN所扮演的角色，及明瞭俄氏草如何藉此機制調節花序轉換。In certain angiosperms, vegetative growth, such as leaves and asexual propagules formation on inflorescence, may reappear after floral commitment. This phenomenon is named “floral reversion”. Floral reversion is probably essential for pseudovivpary plants’ survival for its life history, i.e. sexual reproduction can be replaced by asexual propagation, such as bulbils. Titanotrichum oldhamii (Gesneriaceae), one of pseudoviviparous plant, is native in Taiwan. Its flowering inflorescence can reverse to the bulbiliferous shoot after flowering. What molecular mechanism controls the floral reversion in Titanotrichum is of particular interest. Four candidate genes including floral meristem identity gene ToFLO, inflorescence meristem identity gene ToCEN, floral organ identity gene ToPLE and shoot apical meristem stem cell identity gene ToROA were isolated in this study. Expression patterns of these genes were compared among developmental stages: before and during the inflorescence transition. Putative inflorescence meristem identity gene ToCEN is the only candidate gene whose expression was alternated when inflorescence transition occurred. During the floral differentiation, ToCEN is not expressed in the floral meristems but in meristems that are potentially transferred to the bulbiliferous shoot. It is known that overexpression of TFL1/CEN homolog in Arabidopsis and rice promotes vegetative growth and branching of inflorescence. Thus, inflorescence transition in Titanotrichum may be associated with ToCEN in obtaining vegetative meristem identity. In contrast to ToCEN, the floral meristem identity gene ToFLO could somehow be expressed in bulbiliferous meristem. This result might imply that down-regulation of ToFLO is not necessary for inflorescence transition, and ToFLO is not sufficient to provide floral differentiation as well. Thus, there is not enough evidence to support that inflorescence transition is due to loss of floral meristem identity. In conclusion, I propose the inflorescence meristem identity gene ToCEN is a good candidate for studying the inflorescence transition in Titanotricum. Further functional study would be helpful to ensure the role of ToCEN in inflorescence transition
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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