1,721,063 research outputs found
Effects of Burn-off and Activation Temperature on Preparation of Activated Carbon from Corn Cob Agrowaste by CO2 and Steam.
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Degradation of 2-Naphthalenesulfonate in Aqueous Solution by Hydrogen Peroxide in the Presence of Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag
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Antimicrobial susceptibility and plasmid analysis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated in Taiwan.
No full textSensitivity on the Body and Health:Experience of Body Feeling, Disease and Medicine in the Zhegong Manlu (1635)
No full text《折肱漫錄》是一部中國歷史上罕見的病人第一手報告，善病的文人作者黃承昊（1576-1650?）長期記錄身體、疾病、醫療與養生的經驗，以及病中的身體感，在醫者主導的醫學書寫版圖中，為氣勢微弱的病人發聲。
黃承昊在《折肱漫錄》中，以病人的身分，傾訴疾病帶來的痛苦與身體感，以及對醫療品質暨環境的疑惑與不信任；以醫者的身分，教導讀者正確的養病與養生之道；以兼具病人、文人與醫者的身分，揭示個人的醫病經驗，提供同患者參考，完成士大夫經世濟民的理想。
黃承昊汲汲追求個人健康、長壽的信念與心態，來自於其對身體強烈而敏銳的憂慮與執著，此一愛身念重的情懷，主宰他的日常生活、心態與思想，使疾病、醫療與養生成為其私領域活動的重心。
從不知醫而誤於寒藥，到醫理通透而專求溫補，三折肱而習醫充權的黃承昊，不僅改善健康，亦改變醫病關係，透過醫學的語言，以文人∕病人∕醫者的實際體驗，參與明代溫補與寒涼兩大醫學陣營的論爭。
《折肱漫錄》不僅生動地刻畫黃承昊個人的身體、疾病、醫療與養生史，呈現晚明江南士大夫日常生活的重要面向，同時也反映當代的醫療環境與文化，以及醫療市場的特色。Zhegong Manlu (Random Notes on Broken Limbs, 1635) is a rare first-hand report by a patient, Huang Chenghao, a middle-ranking official from a well-known family in Zhejiang in late Ming. Huang was susceptible to disease throughout his life, and often was the victim of ineffective treatments. He then trained himself to be a physician mainly by studying medical and pharmaceutical texts. In the Zhegong Manlu, he recorded his experience of body feeling, disease, depression, anxiety, and medicine as well as his relationship with healers in detail. Unlike most medical texts composed by physicians, Zhegong Manlu takes the perspective from both the patient’s and the physician’s points of view. Unlike most of his peer literati’s notes and diaries on disease, Huang applied medical terminology to build up his authority as a medical expert.
Huang Chenghao plays three roles in the Zhegong Manlu. As a patient, apart from describing pain, suffering, and body feeling, Huang also expressed his skepticism and distrust of the medical establishment. As a physician, he taught his readers proper ways of treating disease and nurturing (yangsheng) their bodies. As both a patient and physician, he revealed his own experience to his fellow patients and physicians to reach the goal of social responsibility.
After accumulating experience and becoming a medical expert, he found that he needed the warm and replenishing treatment. He soon became a follower of the warm and replenishing school, and used his own experience to participate in the medical disputes between the cold and cool school and the warm and replenishing school in the Ming dynasty.
Huang’s concern about body, health and life span impacted his life style and way of thinking. By taking a closer look on the Zhegong Manlu, we can not only explore a literati’s private life but also delve into the characteristics of his contemporary medical establishment and the medical market.
Zhegong Manlu (Random Notes on Broken Limbs, 1635) is a rare first-hand report by a patient, Huang Chenghao, a middle-ranking official from a well-known family in Zhejiang in late Ming. Huang was susceptible to disease throughout his life, and often was the victim of ineffective treatments. He then trained himself to be a physician mainly by studying medical and pharmaceutical texts. In the Zhegong Manlu, he recorded his experience of body feeling, disease, depression, anxiety, and medicine as well as his relationship with healers in detail. Unlike most medical texts composed by physicians, Zhegong Manlu takes the perspective from both the patient’s and the physician’s points of view. Unlike most of his peer literati’s notes and diaries on disease, Huang applied medical terminology to build up his authority as a medical expert.
Huang Chenghao plays three roles in the Zhegong Manlu. As a patient, apart from describing pain, suffering, and body feeling, Huang also expressed his skepticism and distrust of the medical establishment. As a physician, he taught his readers proper ways of treating disease and nurturing (yangsheng) their bodies. As both a patient and physician, he revealed his own experience to his fellow patients and physicians to reach the goal of social responsibility.
After accumulating experience and becoming a medical expert, he found that he needed the warm and replenishing treatment. He soon became a follower of the warm and replenishing school, and used his own experience to participate in the medical disputes between the cold and cool school and the warm and replenishing school in the Ming dynasty.
Huang’s concern about body, health and life span impacted his life style and way of thinking. By taking a closer look on the Zhegong Manlu, we can not only explore a literati’s private life but also delve into the characteristics of his contemporary medical establishment and the medical market
Conceptions of Childhood Diseases in Medical Literature during the Sui and Tang Dynasties (581-907)
No full text隋唐之間醫學典籍呈現豐富多元的小兒病因觀。根據醫學名家之見，小兒疾病的根源，多來自外在的人為因素，而除了外因、內因與不內外因三類型外，還包括小兒獨有的胎病、先天不足、將養不當、臟腑與血氣的病變、柔弱，以及成長發育的障礙等。
在中古時期醫者的筆下，小兒的健康、壽夭、德行與社會成就，操之母親與乳養者之手，其病源甚至可溯及在胎期間，或懷孕前母親的生活起居、飲食、性情、健康與道德品質。據此，在既有的求子與生育任務上，醫學賦予女性更艱鉅的責任與壓力。
當醫學將小兒疾病之過歸咎於母親與乳母的同時，對比出小兒的無辜。但即使可諉過他人，小兒本身臟腑與氣血的柔弱或不定，也常是病源。醫者從專業的立場強調小兒嫩弱，藉此建構小兒病因觀與身體理論，從而影響醫者的臨床診斷與治療，此一觀念與理論的開展與運用，是小兒醫學逐步專門化與獨立成專科的一大關鍵。
在揭示小兒病因之際，男性醫者突破性別藩籬，巧妙地將醫療介入的層面，從診治疾病擴及養育小兒。至此，醫學文本化作對病家的規訓，樹立並擴大醫者的權威，宣示小兒醫學知識的專業化。女性與小兒更為弱勢化，女性須經醫者教導，始能正確照顧和養育小兒；原已氣勢微弱的小兒欲健康成長，更只能仰賴醫者、母親與乳母。This paper aims to explore conceptions of childhood disease etiology during the Sui and Tang dynasties (581-907), and to examine important aspects of medical understanding regarding childhood diseases, children’ bodies and their health.
Medieval medical experts attributed pediatric disease not only to expected and unexpected climatic change, being frightened, as well as to accident, supernatural forces, worms, and diet, but also to factors such as a careless mothers during and after pregnancy, congenital factors, contagion, improper nursing and imbalanced body conditions. According to those experts, the diet, temper, health, behavior and moral character of the mother or wet nurse also influenced the child. Therefore, from the medical point of view, the mother was not only responsible for raising and caring for physically healthy offspring, but also for bearing and teaching good sons with high moral standards and social achievement.
Pediatric experts put extra emphasis on the idea that many childhood diseases also resulted from their own frail and feeble bodies. They further used this idea to form basic conceptions of the child body, and applied it to diagnoses and treatments. These signified the professionalization and independence of pediatrics. At the time when male medical experts sought the origins of childhood diseases, they crossed the sex barrier to instruct females on the right ways of nursing children. In so doing, they extend the domain of pediatrics, empowered themselves with professional knowledge, and strengthened their authority over pediatrics and child caring. These are keys to the development of pediatrics in medieval China, and to the independence of pediatrics in the Northern Song dynasty
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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