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REDUCED TILLAGE IN ORGANIC FRMING
Get PDFReduced start-up processing in organic farming dates back to the early 1950s, when Rusch developed his ideas. It can be said that two approaches have been taken to conservation start-up processing - North American and European. Research in North America focuses mainly on zero soil processing, with this type of soil treatment barely practised in Europe, and those in Europe focusing on reduced soil treatment by reducing the depth of processing or applying non-inverting soil treatment practices. The main problems are related to the control of entanglation, absorption of nutrients, as well as yields. No-till and reduced till soil treatment systems are considered sustainable soil conservation options. Long-term implementation of reduced soil treatments is an effective strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional soil processing, improve soil structure, favour CH4 absorption and inhibit N2O emissions
PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES IN ORGANIC CULTIVATION OF CEREALS – OVERVIEW
Get PDFIn this study, an overview is made and a comparative analysis of articles, reports and materials dealing with organic farming of LWC, in the period 1970 to 2021 is performed. After analysing the literature, the following conclusions are made:
Cereals occupy a particularly important place in organic farming, the main advantages of their cultivation are easy farming techniques, relatively easy mechanical weed control, disease control through rational crop rotation, opportunities for biological control of major pests
The soils in organic farming are better structured than those in conventional agriculture. Organic farming practices are related to improving soil properties, including the addition of organic matter to the soil, increasing the population of earthworms, biodiversity, soil fertility and more. Biological management provides a more stable soil structure. The larger pores observed in biological management have a beneficial effect on the physical properties of the soil, such as water flow and water capacity. The greater porosity of the soil provides a good habitat for soil microorganisms. Organic farming contributes to creating a better soil structure.
Organic farming systems have traditionally been based on crop rotation. The aim of organic farming is to achieve a balance between crops that reduce soil fertility and crops that restore fertility. Crop rotation is the main tool that integrates the maintenance and development of soil fertility with various aspects of plant production in biological systems.
Specialised selection programmes for creating varieties suitable for organic farming are too few due to the small number of users and high costs. The most common practise includes testing the suitability of conventional varieties in biological conditions, propagation and distribution of the best in the biological sector.
Sowing norms directly control the sowing density, as well as the nutrient area of each plant. Changing sowing rates is also an excellent method for controlling weeding in biological fields.
Concerning yields from organic and conventional agriculture, organic farms are less productive than conventional ones and their productivity is lower. But if environmental variables are taken into account, organic farms show the same or higher efficiency.
A major problem facing organic farming in the future is the protection of fields from pollution by genetically modified organisms. An option for protecting biological fields is to maintain a buffer zone between the farm and the neighbouring conventional fields to prevent accidental contamination with GMOs
STUDY THE APPLICABILITY OF SENTINEL-2 OPTICAL DATA, AS WELL AS BENEFITS FROM THE SENTINEL-1 SAR DATA, FOR PREDICTING THE YIELD OF ORGANIC BARLEY
Get PDFThe barley crop is widely used in the economic life of humanity and is characterized by great ecological plasticity. It is a good competitor to other cereals, which is why it is extremely suitable for growing in organic farming. The multispectral data obtained from the COPERNICUS Sentinel-2 satellites has proven in numerous scientific works its applicability to support crop monitoring. In that
way, that data is invaluable in optimizing the production processes. In this study, a comparison was made between satellite data products derived from the COPERNICUS Sentinel-2 optical and Sentinel-1 SAR data, as well as studying their statistical relationship with the yield of the organically grown barley. The spatial resolution of all products is 10 m. The utilization of both satellite data types for monitoring and forecasting the yield of organically grown barley has been verified. The BBCH-41
phase was found to be the most suitable for the utilization of Sentinel-2 optical data to generate a different set of vegetation indices for yield prediction. In that phase, most of the tested vegetation indices showed successful yield prediction. The most relevant is the Green Chlorophyll Vegetation Index (GCVI; r = 0.80), which has the highest correlation with the yield. Considering SAR data, the
backscatter in co- and cross-pol were derived in terms of Sigma-Nought. The Radar Vegetation Index in dual-pol (dRVI) was also calculated. As reported in other studies, a correlation is observed between dRVI and vegetation indices (e.g., NDVI). Whole output SAR products are sensitive to the geometrical properties of the crop and represent in various extent the phenological development of the organic barley. In this regard, SAR data complements optical data and provides reliable information on crop conditions during periods of high cloud cover. Bearing in mind that very often these periods coincide with phenological phases that are critical in crop development
Review of the Applications of Satellite Remote Sensing in Organic Farming (Part I)
Get PDFOrganic farming is a much more sustainable farming system than conventional farming. It is part of humanity's efforts to preserve biodiversity and provides healthy and safe food to humans. Remote sensing methods are widely used in agriculture. Their use will help the transition from conventional to organic farming. They can help farmers choose the most suitable place to build an organic farm. Remote sensing methods are a very powerful tool for weed control in organic farming. They can be used to determine the level of stress that crops experience. They provide a good opportunity to forecast yields on organic farms. Remote sensing methods can optimize fertilization on organic farms. They can be used to distinguish between organic and conventional agriculture, as well as to monitor biodiversity in agricultural areas. Remote sensing methods can help organic farmers make timely and adequate decisions in managing their farms
Possibilities of forecasting the yield of organic wheat using aerospace methods
Get PDFWith climate change, adverse natural phenomena, such as floods and droughts, are becoming more common, which in turn are a major threat to wheat yields. Almost all regions of the planet are vulnerable to such climatic events. Remote sensing methods can help farmers by giving them up-to-date information on the condition and yield forecasting of wheat crops, thus minimizing the risk of climate change
REVIEW OF THE APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING IN ORGANIC FARMING – PART II
Get PDFThe use of remote sensing methods for monitoring, managing, and decision support in
agriculture is increasingly intensifying. With the advancement of technologies, they become more
accessible, while the quality and security of the obtained data are improving. Striving to improve
the quality of the environment and its preservation, expanding the areas occupied by organic farming
will allow us to achieve these goals. At the same time, this type of agriculture provides healthy and safe
food. For this reason, it is of great importance to start applying satellite data in organic farming as
quickly as possible. In Part II of the "Review of the applications of satellite remote sensing in organic
farming," we examine the various areas of satellite data application in organic farming. Five different
areas of satellite data application in organic farming have been identified, including satellite remote
sensing monitoring of weeds, remote sensing of crop stress and irrigation needs, yield forecasting using
remote sensing methods and remote sensing monitoring of plant nutrition. From the review conducted,
we found that satellite data can significantly support and facilitate the transition to organic farming,
adequate fertilization, application in phytosanitary monitoring of crops, and assessment of crop stress
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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