1,721,009 research outputs found
Systematic review of emergent laparoscopic colorectal surgery for benign and malignant disease
No full textLaparoscopic surgery has become well established in the management of both and malignant colorectal disease. The last decade has seen increasing numbers of surgeons trained to a high standard in minimally-invasive surgery. However there has not been the same enthusiasm for the use of laparoscopy in emergency colorectal surgery. There is a perception that emergent surgery is technically more difficult and may lead to worse outcomes. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive and critical appraisal of the available literature on the use of laparoscopic colorectal surgery (LCS) in the emergency setting. The literature is broadly divided by the underlying pathology; that is, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis and malignant obstruction. There were no randomized trials and the majority of the studies were case-matched series or comparative studies. The overall trend was that LCS is associated with shorter hospital stay, par or fewer complications but an increased operating time.Emergency LCS can be safely undertaken for both benign and malignant disease providing there is appropriate patient selection, the surgeon is adequately experienced and there are sufficient resources to allow for a potentially more complex operation.Core tip: Laparoscopic surgery is increasingly used in the emergency setting. This has been perceived to be a challenging surgical approach for such cases. However with appropriate expertise and training, laparoscopy can be used for colorectal emergencies with good short- and medium term outcomes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Uses of near infrared and spectral imaging in colorectal surgery
Full text linkThe integration of minimally invasive surgical techniques with advancements in
spectral imaging, fluorescence imaging, and artificial intelligence presents an opportunity
to enhance intraoperative data utilisation in colorectal surgery. Addressing
challenges such as identifying lymph node drainage patterns and reducing anastomotic
leaks is pivotal in this field. This thesis investigates leveraging intraoperative
data analysis for lymph node mapping and perfusion assessment in colorectal
surgery.
Effective lymphatic drainage mapping in colon cancer surgery is achievable with
fluorescence imaging. A systematic review revealed considerable technique variability,
prompting the documentation of a standardised intracorporeal mapping method.
Computational testing of the colonic microperfusion canonical model, using multispectral
imaging data pre-anastomosis, challenges the adequacy of the current perfusion
paradigm.
Fluorescence imaging emerges as a valuable tool for perfusion assessment, with
a strong positive correlation observed between tissue oxygen saturation and fluorescence
intensity, bolstering its utility in decision-making.
However, current perfusion assessment relies on surgeon interpretation, with
quantified interobserver variability indicating significant disagreement among respondents,
irrespective of experience level or specialisation.
In response, three algorithms were developed to enhance standardisation and
decision-making in fluorescence angiography. Leveraging both unsupervised and
supervised learning techniques, including automated machine learning and convolutional
neural networks, the latter demonstrated superior performance and is accessible
as an interactive online application.
In conclusion, intraoperative data analysis holds promise for supporting surgeons
in lymphatic mapping and perfusion assessment during colorectal procedures,
facilitating improved outcomes
How to make an impact in surgical research: a consensus summary from the #SoMe4Surgery community
Full text linkUnderstanding and interpreting medical literature through critical thinking and applying this knowledge to evidence-based practice is an integral part of surgical training. Participating in research accelerates this process; however, young doctors' involvement in research may be suboptimal. Our aim was to provide young surgeons with recommendations on how to properly engage in surgical research. An online twitter conversation focused on recommendations about how a young physician can succeed in research was undertaken. Twitter activity for that conversation and hashtags was analyzed. A consensus based on the recommendations extracted from the discussion is summarized. Key opinion leaders were engaged to promote the conversation. Discussion was opened to all participants related to surgery or surgical research, including surgeons, medical students, nurses, patients, and healthcare workers. A total of 244 participants engaged in the Twitter conversation. The highest tweeted hashtags were #SoMe4Surgery and #SurgicalResearch with 855 and 847 tweets, respectively. Themes that came out of the conversation included 'Mentorship', which was the most essential recommendation. 'International collaboratives' and 'foreign research fellowship' were also deemed important factors for a successful path in research. Additionally, routine read of online journals, use of social media for scientific purposes, often engagement in manuscript drafting and proper time management were also recommended. Research is demanding and time consuming but an essential part of surgical education. We believe that any young surgeon can have greater chances to succeed in surgical research by following our recommendations and by academically using social media platforms
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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