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Aktywny udział państwa rozwijających się w operacjach pokojowych Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych. Porównanie przypadków Indii, Pakistanu, Nepalu i Bangladeszu
Full text linkThe United Nations is an international organization that is committed to preserving international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations, and promoting social process and human rights. To help control and resolve armed conflict, the United Nations established a technique called peacekeeping. A new global security dynamic began with the approval of the first UN peacekeeping mission, the UN Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) in 1948. From the beginning of the UN peacekeeping operations, member states of the UN have been contributing peacekeepers. With the end of the Cold War, the contributions of the developing countries in UN peacekeeping operations have increased significantly.
The research aims to find, understand, and explain the efforts of developing countries in managing interstate and intrastate disputes through peacekeeping operations. With the focus on a comparative study, the research also describes the multiple motivations behind the active participation of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal in United Nations peacekeeping operations. Furthermore, domestic and international conditions and their impact on the participation in UN peacekeeping operations is another essential part of the research. Moreover, it also attempts to examine shape, scope, and extent of involving in UN peacekeeping operations. The study covers the period from 1948 to 2018.
This research confirmed that the participation of these four South Asian countries influenced by multi-dimensional interests. All these four countries are actively participating in UN peacekeeping because they want to achieve their goals and objectives. UN peacekeeping had become a convenient, rational, and practical activity for these countries to achieve their goals. These four states try to maintain their status in UN peacekeeping as it is incredibly beneficial to them. While enjoying a favourable reputation as peacekeepers, they can pursue their national interests. Furthermore, it is observed that the domestic and international conditions have impacted the participation of these four countries in UN peacekeeping operations. It shows that their contribution is higher when domestic and international conditions are in their favour, and it is at a slow pace when encountered with unfavourable circumstances.Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych jest organizacją międzynarodową, która zobowiązana jest do zachowania międzynarodowego pokoju i bezpieczeństwa, rozwijania przyjaznych stosunków między narodami oraz promowania rozwoju społecznego i praw człowieka. W celu opanowywania i rozwiązywaniu konfliktów zbrojnych, ustanowiła technikę zwaną operacjami utrzymywaniem pokoju. Pierwszą operacją pokojową była Organizacji Nadzoru Rozejmowego ONZ (UNTSO), powołana w 1948 roku. Od początku personel operacji pokojowych ONZ dostarczały państwa członkowskie. Wraz z końcem zimnej wojny znacznie wzrosły udziały państw rozwijających się jako kontrybutorów operacje pokojowe.
Badanie ma na celu opisanie i wyjaśnienie wysiłków krajów rozwijających się na rzecz zarządzaniu międzypaństwowymi i wewnętrznymi sporami poprzez operacje pokojowe. Skupiając się na metodzie porównawczej, badanie identyfikuje motywacje aktywnego udziału Indii, Pakistanu, Bangladeszu i Nepalu w operacjach pokojowych ONZ. Ponadto określa uwarunkowania wewnętrzne i międzynarodowe udziału w operacjach pokojowych badanych państw. Ponadto próbuje także zbadać charakter i zakres ich zaangażowania w operacje pokojowe ONZ. Badanie obejmuje lata 1948 - 2018 .
Badania potwierdziły, że udział tych czterech państw Azji Południowej był służył realizacji ich licznych interesów. Misje pokojowe ONZ stały się dogodnym, racjonalnym i praktycznym działaniem dla osiągania narodowych celów. Starają się utrzymać swój status w misjach pokojowych ONZ, ponieważ jest to dla nich niezwykle korzystne. Korzystając z dobrej reputacji, jaką daje uczestnictwo w operacjach, mogą realizować swoje narodowe interesy. Badania pokazują również, że warunki krajowe i międzynarodowe wpływały na udział tych czterech krajów w operacjach pokojowych ONZ. Wskazują, że udział w operacjach był wyższy, gdy warunki krajowe i międzynarodowe były sprzyjające , natomiast gdy były niekorzystne, zaangażowanie w operacje słabło
Aktywny udział państwa rozwijających się w operacjach pokojowych Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych. Porównanie przypadków Indii, Pakistanu, Nepalu i Bangladeszu
No full textLink archiwalny https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/364
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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