231,990 research outputs found
Chan An Ancient Maya Farming Community
No full textThe farming community of Chan thrived for over twenty centuries, surpassing the longevity of many larger Maya urban centers. Between 800 BC and 1200 AD it was a major food production center, and this collection of essays reveals the important role played by Maya farmers in the development of ancient Maya society. Chan offers a synthesis of compelling and groundbreaking discoveries gathered over ten years of research at this one archaeological site in Belize. The contributors develop three central themes, which structure the book. They examine how sustainable farming practices maintained the surrounding forest, allowing the community to exist for two millennia. They trace the origins of elite Maya state religion to the complex religious belief system developed in small communities such as Chan. Finally, they describe how the group-focused political strategies employed by local leaders differed from the highly hierarchical strategies of the Classic Maya kings in their large cities. In breadth, methodology, and findings, this volume scales new heights in the study of Maya society and culture.Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Introducing the Chan Site: Farmers in Complex Societies -- Part 1. Time, Space, and Landscapes -- 2. A Changing Cultural Landscape: Settlement Survey and GIS at Chan -- 3. Ceramics and Chronology at Chan -- 4. Agricultural Practices at Chan: Farming and Political Economy in an Ancient Maya Community -- 5. Agroforestry and Agricultural Production of the Ancient Maya at Chan -- Part 2. Life in a Farming Community Center -- 6. Ritual in a Farming Community -- 7. Nonroyal Governance at Chan's Community Center -- 8. "Empty" Spaces and Public Places: A Microscopic View of Chan's Late Classic West Plaza -- Part 3. Diversity across the Chan Community -- 9. Recognizing Difference in Small-Scale Settings: An Examination of Social Identity Formation at the Northeast Group, Chan -- 10. Organization of Chert Tool Economy during the Late and Terminal Classic Periods at Chan: Preliminary Thoughts Based upon Debitage Analyses -- 11. Limestone Quarrying and Household Organization at Chan -- Part 4. Bodies, Material Culture, and Meaning -- 12. The Chan Community: A Bioarchaeological Perspective -- 13. Creating Community with Shell -- 14. Obsidian Acquisition, Trade, and Regional Interaction at Chan -- 15. Contextualizing Ritual Behavior: Caches, Burials, and Problematical Deposits from Chan's Community Center -- Part 5. Conclusion -- 16. Learning from an Ancient Maya Farming Community -- References -- List of Contributors -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- V -- W -- X -- YThe farming community of Chan thrived for over twenty centuries, surpassing the longevity of many larger Maya urban centers. Between 800 BC and 1200 AD it was a major food production center, and this collection of essays reveals the important role played by Maya farmers in the development of ancient Maya society. Chan offers a synthesis of compelling and groundbreaking discoveries gathered over ten years of research at this one archaeological site in Belize. The contributors develop three central themes, which structure the book. They examine how sustainable farming practices maintained the surrounding forest, allowing the community to exist for two millennia. They trace the origins of elite Maya state religion to the complex religious belief system developed in small communities such as Chan. Finally, they describe how the group-focused political strategies employed by local leaders differed from the highly hierarchical strategies of the Classic Maya kings in their large cities. In breadth, methodology, and findings, this volume scales new heights in the study of Maya society and culture.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Discovering Chan Chan: modern technologies for urban and architectural analysis
No full textSince 2002, the Italian Mission of CNR-ITABC has been operating in the archaeological complex of Chan Chan (Peru), which is the largest pre-Columbian settlement entirely built with adobe. In 1989 Chan Chan was placed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The main purpose of the work is aimed at the conservation, documentation and use of the site and of the territory that is related to Chan Chan from a historical and cultural point of view. The urban structure of Chan Chan, which is spread over a surface of 14 km2, has a number of buildings which characterizes the town at both an architectural (ciudadelas, huacas, huachaques) and decorative level (bas-reliefs, geometrical motifs). In order to achieve our research goals, we had to arrange for the combined use of various analysis techniques that would provide both urban and architectural information about the town. The data we obtained allowed us to make a more up-to-date interpretation of the urban fabric and revealed intriguing details regarding the construction phases of one of its palaces which will be helpful both for the planning of the Archaeological Park and the restoration project of the Palacio Rivero
ESQUINA MULTIMEDIA – MUSEUM EXHIBITION FOR THE VISUALIZATION OF CHAN CHAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE
No full text[EN] Chan Chan, an archaeological site located at Trujillo, Peru, is a huge historical settlement very large and difficult to visit
and some well-conserved architecture, like Huaca Arco Iris, is very far from the core centre of the site. Furthermore many
other heavy factors, as illegal excavations, marine salt transported by the wind and the sometime devastating
phenomenon of the Niño, are the reasons of the lost of many decorative elements, which are covered due to
conservation issues. To overcome the aforesaid problems, we designed, developed and realized the museum exhibition
called “Esquina Multimedia”, providing the tourists with interactive and enjoyable applications. An Augmented Reality
application has been developed in order to discover ancient artefacts that are invisible because covered by the earth (or
by protection structures). A web-browser has been specifically designed to show bas-relieves, with HD visualization and
with anaglyph stereoscopic view. Herewith, a wall-mounted panel representing a metric 3D reconstruction by an accurate
survey of the building helps the user to find the artefact position.Pierdicca, R.; Malinverni, ES.; Frontoni, E.; Colosi, F.; Orazi, R. (2016). ESQUINA MULTIMEDIA – MUSEUM EXHIBITION FOR THE VISUALIZATION OF CHAN CHAN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE. En 8th International congress on archaeology, computer graphics, cultural heritage and innovation. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 274-276. https://doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica8.2016.3191OCS27427
Dissemination in archaeology: a GIS-based StoryMap for Chan Chan
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of exploiting a geographic information system (GIS)-based data management, designed and implemented for an important monumental site. In particular, data collected during the years have been used to create a storytelling experience to disseminate the tangible and intangible heritage of Chan Chan (Peru), the wider site in mud bricks of Latin America. Design/methodology/approach: The paper discusses the steps that have been performed to use the data stored in a GIS, arguing over the importance of sharing the knowledge through web-based tools, and in particular by the implementation of a storytelling. In this context, the data were structured in interoperable forms in order to preserve the universal value of the archaeological site. The exploitation in an all-in-one solution of the archival research, field surveys and planning represents a step forward for let known ancient testimonies to the whole mankind. Findings: The GIS-based inventories represent the backbone for an affordable management of heritage resources. The novelty of the proposed approach lies on the creation of an integrated, accessible and updatable data system sharable on web. Originality/value: The GIS of Chan Chan is an example of documentation of a wide archaeological area (14 km2) with complex and heterogeneous data. The developed web tool makes use of these data which can be queried even by non-expert users. The pipeline of this paper can act as useful guidelines to practitioners and researchers who want to disseminate cultural information
CHAN CHAN: LA CIUDADELA “RIVERO”
No full textPor Resolución Ministerial Nº 260 de fecha 15 de abril del presente año, la Casa de la Cultura del Perú mediante su Área de Investigación y Conservación del Patrimonio Cultural, se hizo cargo de los trabajos arqueológicos de las Ruinas de Chan Chan, inaugurando su programa para el año en curso con las excavaciones en la ciudadela “Rivero” el 26 de mayo. Chan Chan, la ciudad arqueológica más grande del Perú, está ubicada al Oeste y a 4 km más o menos de Trujillo, en la margen derecha del Río Moche; la ciudad está orientada de Sur a Norte, ocupando un área que comprende 5 km de largo y 3 km de ancho; empero, en el pasado debió haber tenido mayor extensión hoy disminuido por la acción depredadora de los agricultores
Report on professional attachment with R Chan & Co.
No full textThe purpose of this report seeks to provide a summary of my training experience with R Chan & Co. It will attempt to give a descriptive account of the tasks assigned and the observation made during the eight weeks of PA
Geobacter sulfurreducens inner membrane cytochrome transcriptional and phenotypic data
No full textThe data files include raw data as well as analyzed results for transcriptional analysis of WT G. sulfurreducens and mutant lacking BccR (GSU0598) under fumarate vs iron citrate growth conditions. This dataset also includes the phenotypic data files for experiments associated with this project.Geobacter sulfurreducens utilizes extracellular electron acceptors such as Mn(IV), Fe(III), syntrophic partners, and electrodes that vary from +0.4 to −0.3 V vs. Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE), representing a potential energy span that should require a highly branched electron transfer chain. Here we describe CbcBA, a bc-type cytochrome essential near the thermodynamic limit of respiration when acetate is the electron donor. Mutants lacking cbcBA ceased Fe(III) reduction at −0.21 V vs. SHE, could not transfer electrons to electrodes between −0.21 and −0.28 V, and could not reduce the final 10% – 35% of Fe(III) minerals. As redox potential decreased during Fe(III) reduction, cbcBA was induced with the aid of the regulator BccR to become one of the most highly expressed genes in G. sulfurreducens. Growth yield (CFU/mM Fe(II)) was 112% of WT in ∆cbcBA, and deletion of cbcL (an unrelated bc-cytochrome essential near −0.15 V) in ΔcbcBA increased yield to 220%. Together with ImcH, which is required at high redox potentials, CbcBA represents a third cytoplasmic membrane oxidoreductase in G. sulfurreducens. This expanding list shows how metal-reducing bacteria may constantly sense redox potential to adjust growth efficiency in changing environments.Office of Naval Research: N00014-16-1-2194, and N00014-18-1-2632.Joshi, Komal; Chan, Chi Ho; Bond, Daniel R. (2021). Geobacter sulfurreducens inner membrane cytochrome transcriptional and phenotypic data. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://doi.org/10.13020/5AMD-ZW33
Strategies and technologies for the knowledge, conservation and enhancement of a great historical settlement: Chan Chan, Perù
No full textIn an attempt to stop the degradation of the Complejo Arqueologico Chan Chan, the Peruvian government, pressed by UNESCO, in 2000 approved the Plan Maestro de conservación y manejo, redact by Instituto Nacional de Cultura, (today Ministerio de Cultura). The Plan Maestro has a number of projects and sub-projects aimed to enhancing the complex and its territory with the purpose of helping the socio - economic development of the population. The MIPE intends to support the actions foreseen by the Plan Maestro participating to its revision and updating and following three main objectives: the planning of the Archaeological Park of Chan Chan, the restoration and the virtual visit of Palacio Rivero and other peculiar architectonic typologies and the baking of local handicraft and tourism by mean of training courses arranged also with the help of the international cooperation. In order to achieve these objectives, taking into account the impressive dimensions of the site, it was very important to take advantage of the potentiality of new methodologies of investigation: the remote sensing techniques and the ICT processes to organize and archive the geodatabase; the modern acquisition techniques, such as laser scanner, to arrange a 3D surveying, to reconstruct in virtual way the emergencies and by means other multimedia solutions to spread the whole site by virtual visits
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Helical structure of the waves propagating in a spinning Timoshenko beam
No full textThe aim of the paper is to study the cause of a frequency-splitting phenomenon that occurs in a spinning Timoshenko beam. The associated changes in the structure of the progressive waves are investigated to shed light on the relationship between the wave motion in a spinning beam and the whirling of a shaft. The main result is that travelling bending waves in a beam spinning about its central axis have the topological structure of a revolving helix traced by the centroidal axis with right-handed or left-handed chirality. Each beam element behaves like a gyroscopic disc in precession being rotated at the wave frequency with anticlockwise or clockwise helicity. The gyroscopic effect is identified as the cause of the frequency splitting and is shown to induce a coupling between two interacting travelling waves lying in mutually orthogonal planes. Two revolving waves travelling in the same direction in space appear, one at a higher and one at a lower frequency compared with the pre-split frequency value. With reference to a given spinning speed, taken as clockwise, the higher one revolves clockwise and the lower one has anticlockwise helicity, each wave being represented by a characteristic four-component vector wavefunction.Two factors are identified as important, the shear-deformation factor q and the gyroscopic-coupling phase factor ?. The q-factor is related to the wavenumber and the geometric shape of the helical wave. The ?-factor is related to the wave helicity and has two values, +?/2 and ??/2 corresponding to the anticlockwise and clockwise helicity, respectively. The frequency-splitting phenomenon is addressed by analogy with other physical phenomena such as the Jeffcott whirling shaft and the property of the local energy equality of a travelling wave. The relationship between Euler's formula and the present result relating to the helical properties of the waves is also explored
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