725 research outputs found
HPV Detection and Genotyping in Triage of ASC-US
No full textCervical cancer can be prevented by cervical cytology screening which can detect the cancer cells and its precursors. The most common abnormal cytological finding encountered in screening program is “atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US)”. Human papillomaviruses (HPV) have been recognized as etiologic agents of cervical cancer. HPV DNA testing has been reported to be an option in the triage of women with ASC-US since ASC-US cases carrying high risk type HPVs were found to have markedly higher risk of harboring high grade cervical cancer precursors. Under current guidelines in most developed countries with available HPV test, women with ASCUS found to be positive for HPV can be referred for colposcopy directly while women who are HPV negative can be reassured and asked to rejoin cytology screening 12 months later. Prophylactic vaccines against HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 have been adopted for protection against cervical cancer and genital warts. It is likely that the incidence of abnormal cervical cytology caused by vaccine type HPVs can be reduced leading
to socioeconomic benefit. Since the immunity conferred by vaccines is type-specific, it is important to understand the prevalence of HPV genotypes in ASC-US to better predict the impact of HPV vaccine on possible change in prevalence of the disease in the community
IKKalpha negatively regulates ASC-dependent inflammasome activation
No full textFull author list omitted for brevity. For the full list of authors, see article.The inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that activate caspase-1 in response to infections and stress, resulting in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here we report that IkappaB kinase alpha (IKKalpha) is a critical negative regulator of apoptosis-associated specklike protein containing a C-terminal caspase-activation-andrecruitment (CARD) domain (ASC)-dependent inflammasomes. IKKalpha controls the inflammasome at the level of the adaptor ASC, which interacts with IKKalpha in the nucleus of resting macrophages in an IKKalpha kinase-dependent manner. Loss of IKKalpha kinase activity results in inflammasome hyperactivation. Mechanistically, the downstream nuclear effector IKK-related kinase (IKKi) facilitates translocation of ASC from the nucleus to the perinuclear area during inflammasome activation. ASC remains under the control of IKKalpha in the perinuclear area following translocation of the ASC/IKKalpha complex. Signal 2 of NLRP3 activation leads to inhibition of IKKalpha kinase activity through the recruitment of PP2A, allowing ASC to participate in NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. Taken together, these findings reveal a IKKi-IKKalpha-ASC axis that serves as a common regulatory mechanism for ASC-dependent inflammasomes
Deep learning-based intraoperative video analysis for cataract surgery instrument identification
No full text2024 Asia Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA ASC), 3-6 Dec. 2024, Macau, China202506 bcchAccepted ManuscriptSelf-fundedPublishedGreen (AAM
Differential expression of amino acid transport systems A and ASC during erythroleukemia cell differentiation
No full textThe human erythroleukemic cell K-562 serves as an in vitro model to study changes in cell surface antigens and mechanisms regulating globin gene expression associated with in vivo erythropoiesis. In this report we have examined the regulation of amino acid transport systems, in particular, systems A and ASC, during differentiation of erythroleukemic cells. For additional comparison we examined the uptake of leucine, 3-aminoendobicyclo-(3,2,1)-octane-3-carboxylic acid (BCO), arginine, and glutamate. Hexamethylene-bis-acetamide (HMBA), dimethyl sulfoxide, and butyrate induce cell differentiation with a block in G1-G0 phase of the cell cycle. These agents caused a significant downregulation of 2-(methylamino)isobutyric acid uptake by system A. In contrast, the Na(+)-dependent threonine uptake by system ASC remained unaltered. The uptake of leucine, BCO, arginine, and glutamate by as yet unidentified systems was, however, stimulated after HMBA treatment. Hemin, a potent inducer of hemoglobin synthesis in K-562 cells, does not block cell cycle events and, interestingly, had no significant effect on both systems A and ASC. These differences in inducer actions suggest that system A activity may be related to specific stages of cell differentiation and perhaps to other cellular signals.</jats:p
ASC-J9 Blocks Cell Proliferation and Extracellular Matrix Production of Keloid Fibroblasts through Inhibiting STAT3 Signaling
No full textKeloids are a fibrotic skin disorder caused by abnormal wound healing and featuring the activation and expansion of fibroblasts beyond the original wound margin. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) has been found to mediate the biological functions of keloid fibroblasts (KFs). Therefore, we aimed to demonstrate whether ASC-J9, an inhibitor of STAT3 phosphorylation, can suppress the activation of KFs. Western blotting results showed that ASC-J9 inhibited the levels of COL1A1 and FN1 proteins, which were upregulated in KFs, by decreasing the expression of pSTAT3 and STAT3. RNA sequencing and in vitro studies further demonstrated that ASC-J9 treatment of KFs reduced cell division, inflammation, and ROS generation, as well as extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis. ELISA assays verified that ASC-J9 treatment significantly mitigated IL-6 protein secretion in KFs. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed that ASC-J9 induced the formation of multilamellar bodies in KFs, which is associated with autophagy-related signaling. These results suggested that inhibiting a vicious cycle of the ROS/STAT3/IL-6 axis by ASC-J9 may represent a potential therapeutic approach to suppress cell proliferation and ECM production in KFs
Inflammasome activity is controlled by ZBTB16-dependent SUMOylation of ASC
No full textAbstract Inflammasome activity is important for the immune response and is instrumental in numerous clinical conditions. Here we identify a mechanism that modulates the central Caspase-1 and NLR (Nod-like receptor) adaptor protein ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD). We show that the function of ASC in assembling the inflammasome is controlled by its modification with SUMO (small ubiquitin-like modifier) and identify that the nuclear ZBTB16 (zinc-finger and BTB domain-containing protein 16) promotes this SUMOylation. The physiological significance of this activity is demonstrated through the reduction of acute inflammatory pathogenesis caused by a constitutive hyperactive inflammasome by ablating ZBTB16 in a mouse model of Muckle-Wells syndrome. Together our findings identify an further mechanism by which ZBTB16-dependent control of ASC SUMOylation assembles the inflammasome to promote this pro-inflammatory response
A Fast Reversible Compression Algorithm for Bayer Color Filter Array Images
No full textMost digital cameras perform color demosaicing and compression sequentially to yield a color output. Recent reports indicate that the alternative compression-then-demosaicing approach outperforms the demosaicing-then-compression approach in terms of image quality and complexity. This paper presents a fast reversible Bayer image compression algorithm for the alternative approach. A statistic-based prediction is proposed to de-correlate the wavelet subband coefficients. By learning from experiences, the proposed predictor can improve its prediction performance adaptively. A context-based Golomb Rice code is then proposed to compress the subband residues. Simulation results show that, as compared with the existing lossless CFA image coding methods, the proposed algorithm can achieve a low bitrate with lesser computation.APSIPA ASC 2009: Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association, 2009 Annual Summit and Conference. 4-7 October 2009. Sapporo, Japan. Poster session: Image, Video, and Multimedia Signal Processing 3 (7 October 2009)
Conditions of Selection for a Community health worker (ASC) in the rural areas in Senegal : From a case study of a Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteer who supported ASC activities
No full textセネガルでは、国の方針として基礎保健員(以下ASCと略す)と呼ばれるコミュニティーヘルスワーカーの活動を期待している。しかし、その育成方法は各州・県に委ねられている。筆者は青年海外協力隊・保健師隊員として、セネガルでの活動の際にASC育成に関わった。その育成時に直面した「人選」の問題を通してASCの適切な選出条件を検討する。研究対象者は、1998年9月から2000年1月までにセネガルの農村部であるA村のASC候補者となった5人で、この5人が候補者として選出された経緯や性別、年齢、職業、現住所、出身村、村での役職、配偶者の職業、候補者以外の家族員の村での役職について比較検討を行った。その結果、候補者の性別は男性1名女性4名であり、年齢は20歳代から30歳代であった。現住所は保健小屋(ASCの活動拠点となる施設)のある村に在住している者が4名、そうでない者が1名であった。5人の候補者(A氏～E氏)の内ASCに選出された者はE氏であった。それ以外の4名の落選理由は、A氏の場合、有職(農業)者であることと保健委員長としてA村で活動していることであり、C氏の場合は義父が村長で義母が産婆であるため、D氏はA村外在住であるためだった。また、B氏については候補者となったが、夫の病気、自身の妊娠・出産、また産後の健康状態がふるわず、ASCを辞退していた。A村での選出過程を通してセネガルの農村部におけるASCの重要な選出条件は、1.ASCが保健小屋のある村の出身か、そうでない場合はASCの出身村が保健小屋のある村と関係性が良好であること。2.ASCとして活動に専念できることを期待されているため、20～40歳代の無職の者で、かつ女性は近い将来出産の予定がないこと。3.ASCの一家族内に、村での重要な役職に就いている者がいないこと。4.ASCの配偶者が現金収入を得ているといった、ASCの家族の経済状態が安定していることであった。The author was involved in training and educating ASCs (Senegal's equivalent of community health workers) as a Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteer in Senegal. This paper considers the appropriate selection condition for ASCs, based on the problems concerning "personnel selection" experienced by the author during activities. The subjects of this study were five persons who became ASCs in Village A in a rural area of Senegal from September 1998 to January 2000. A comparative analysis was conducted on these five persons. As a result of analyzing the processes of selecting ASCs in Village A, the following important selection conditions were identified : 1) It is good for a ASC to be from a village where a health center is located, or if not, for his/her hometown to have a good relation with the village where a health center is located ; 2) An ASC should be a person who has no work in from his/her 20s to 40s, and yet in the case of a woman is not planning to become pregnant in the near future ; 3) An ASC's family should not hold an important position in the village ; and 4) The economic condition of the ASC's family should be stable, for example the ASC's spouse has cash earnings.10KJ00004723711研究報告Repor
Double active species catalyst and its application
No full textInventor name used in this publication: 陈新滋, Chen XinziInventor name used in this publication: 袁国卿, Yuan GuoqinTitle in Traditional Chinese: 雙活性物種催化劑及應用ChinaVersion of Recor
- …
