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FIGURE 5 in A new species of driftwood catfish Centromochlus Kner, 1858 (Siluriformes Auchenipteridae, Centromochlinae) from Tocantins-Araguaia River drainage
No full textFIGURE 5. Centromochlus akwe in dorsal (A), lateral (B) and ventral (C) views; UNT 12676, 56.24 mm SL, Crixás River, tributary of the Tocantins River, Brejinho de Nazaré, Tocantins State, Brazil.Published as part of Coelho, Fernanda L., Chamon, Carine C. & Sarmento-Soares, Luisa M., 2021, A new species of driftwood catfish Centromochlus Kner, 1858 (Siluriformes Auchenipteridae, Centromochlinae) from Tocantins-Araguaia River drainage, pp. 149-165 in Zootaxa 4950 (1) on page 156, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/464356
Pseudacanthicus pitanga Chamon, 2015, sp. nov.
No full textPseudacanthicus pitanga sp. nov. (Figs. 1–2; Tab. 1) Holotype. MZUSP 34296, 220.7 mm SL, Serra dos Carajás, bedrock at rio Itacaiunas, Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brazil, 05032'00"W 0552'00"S, Nov 1983, M. Goulding. Paratypes. Brazil. Pará State. INPA 4502, 1, 164.1 mm SL, rio Tocantins, Tucuruí, 345 ' 39.16 "S, 4939 ' 50.85 "W, 0 1 May 1986, F. Martinho. INPA 4558, 4, 91.4–147.5, rio Tocantins, downstream to Tucuruí Dam, 346 ' 2.84 "S, 4939 ' 36.68 "W, 0 9 Oct 1984, G. M. dos Santos. INPA 4559, 1, 148.1 mm SL, poço do Paulo, rio Tocantins, Tucurui, 345 ' 31.63 "S, 4939 ' 50.75 "W, 26 Jul 1980, Equipe Ictiologia INPA (Lucia Rapp Py Daniel et al). INPA 6308, 1, 94.1 mm SL, Tucurui, downstream to Tucuruí Dam, 345 ' 58.19 "S, 4939 ' 43.57 "W. INPA 6311, 7, 30.2–230.3 mm SL, rio Tocantins, 345 ' 59.43 "S, 4939 ' 40.41 "W. INPA 6348, 1, 270.0 mm SL, rio Tocantins, Jatobal, 428 ' 26.61 "S, 4927 ' 18.23 "W, 0 5 Jul 1982, M. Jegu. INPA 6349, 1, 252.0 mm SL, Igarapé Jatobal, Tucuruí, 31 Oct 1980, Equipe Ictiologia INPA. INPA 6350, 1, 300.0 mm SL, rio Tocantins, Breu Branco, 44 ' 4.52 "S, 4938 ' 12.87 "W, 31 Oct 1980, Equipe Ictiologia INPA. INPA 10919, 1, 210.4 mm SL, rio Tocantins, downstream to Tucuruí Dam, 0345' 58 ”S, 04940' 21 ”W, 0 1 Nov 1980, Equipe Ictiologia INPA. MZUSP 24135, 1, 110.7 mm SL, rio Tocantins, lagoon in front of Jatobal, Jatobal, 04939'00"W 0434'00"S, 16 Sep 1970, Expediçao; à Permanente a Amazônia (Heraldo A. Britski et al.). MZUSP 34295, 6, 170.3 – 256.9 mm SL, 1 esq., 236,3 mm SL, rio Itacaiunas, Caldeirão, 05032'00"W 0552'00"S, 0 4 May 1983, M. Goulding. MZUSP 115275, 1, 181.1 mm SL, collected with the holotype. Tocantins State. UNT 857, 1, 170.1 mm SL, rio Tocantins, Brejinho de Nazaré, 115 ' 24 "W 4834 ' 19 "S, 17 Nov 1997, Equipe Neamb (Anderson B. Soares et al). UNT 960, 1, 200.7 mm SL, rio Tocantins, Brejinho de Nazaré, 115 ' 24 "W 4834 ' 19 "S, 18 Set 2003, Equipe Neamb. UNT 967, 1, 87.3 mm SL, rio Tocantins, Fazenda Traçadal, Paranã, 1228 '099"W 4814 ' 47 "S, 27 Jul 1999, Equipe Neamb. UNT 8505, 1, 259.0 mm SL, rio Tocantins, near the confluence with rio Santo Antônio, Peixe, 1131 ' 17 "W 4837 ' 59 "S, 17 Oct 2001, Equipe Neamb. UNT 9061, 1, 224.2 mm SL, rio Maranhão at the place of UEH São Salvador, São Salvador, 1248 ' 55 "W 4814 ' 45 "S, 18 Jun 2006, A. Santana. UNT 1109, 1, 146.8 mm SL, rio Sono, Pedro Afonso, 859 ' 54 "W 4814 ' 17 "S, 10 Ago 2001, Equipe Neamb. UNT 10297, 1, 228.5 mm SL, rio Tocantins, border of Miracema and Tocantínia, 942 ' 59 "W 4821 ' 39 "S, May 2009, Equipe CMT Ambiental. Non-type material. Brazil, Pará state, rio Tocantins. ZMA 119.395, 3, 88.5–89.2 mm SL, Tucuruí, about 2 km below dam, 346 ' 29.47 "S 4939 ' 9.64 "W, 9 Oct 1984, G. Mendes dos Santos. ZMA 119.829, 1, 82.8 mm SL, Cametá, 0214'S, 04930'W, Jul 1985, A. Werner. No data. AMNH 97659, 1, 82.8 mm SL. Diagnosis. Pseudacanthicus pitanga, sp. nov., is distinguished from its congeners (except P. leopardus) by its color pattern with intense orange to red fins (vs. dark background color with white spots in P. serratus and P. fordii or gray background color with black blotches in P. histrix and P. s pi n os u s). It can be distinguished from P. leopardus by the presence of dark blotches anostomosing to form continuous zigzag bands alongside longitudinal keels; absence of blotches on ventral surface of body; faint blotches on head and all fins with orange to red color on unbranched ray and sometimes on subsequent branched rays (dark blotches conspicuous, never anostomosed; large dark blotches on ventral surface; conspicuous dark blotches on head; and red color restricted to dorsal and caudalfin rays). Pseudacanthicus pitanga can be further diagnosed from congeners by the following combination of osteological characters: contact of sphenotic with sixth infraorbital absent (Fig. 3; vs. present in remaining species), lateral surface of metapterigoid channel triangular (vs. rounded in remaining species), posterior area of contact between cleithrum and coracoid ventrally expanded (vs. straight in remaining species). Description. Morphometric and meristic data summarized in Table 1. Dorsal profile of body slightly convex from tip of snout to vertical through dorsal-fin origin; concave, nearly straight from that point to caudal-fin origin. Ventral profile of body straight from snout tip to caudal-fin origin. Ventral surface from tip of snout to urogenital papillae lacking plates, except for few small plates at pectoral- and pelvic-fin origins. Greatest body width at pectoral girdle. Trunk strongly keeled; five rows of keels; each one along each body plate series. Greatest body depth at dorsal-fin origin, body most slender at caudal peduncle. Head tall, pointed anteriorly, somewhat triangular in dorsal view; snout and cheek completely covered by numerous small plates, except for small naked area on tip of snout. Snout very pointed in dorsal view. Nasal bone rectangular, thin and elongate (Fig. 3). Frontal bone short, slightly contacting nares anteriorly and orbit posteriorly (Fig. 3). Anterior margin of frontal short, reaching posterior margin or half nare length (Fig. 3). Parietosupraoccipital enlogate, its posterior edge narrow, with V-shaped crest (Fig. 3). Sphenotic short, not contacting IO 6, with conspicuous odontodes (Fig. 3). Orbit small to moderate in size (9,6–16,4% HL), positioned dorsolaterally. Iris with small, dorsal flap over pupil. Pterotic-supracleithum short, with few fenestrae, its anterior process contacting a small region of posterior margin of orbit. Posterior area of pterotic-supracleitrhum with one or two small sized plates. Infraorbital series with 8 pores. Infraorbital 4 widely contacting posterior margin of orbit. Infraorbital 6 associated with only the posteroventral margin of orbit. Lateral line pores restricted to hypural plate. Mouth moderate in size, nearly as long as wide. Lips large, covered with papillae; size of papillae decreasing towards posterior margin of lower lip; central buccal papilla absent or little developed. Upper lip folded over itself. Maxillary barbel short; base of barbel united to lips, with free tip. Lower lip not reaching anterior margin of coracoid. Medial end of premaxillary teeth curved inwards. Premaxillae and dentary narrow and elongate. Dentary strongly curved inwards. Teeth slightly thick, well-developed, with long crown and large lateral cusp; its distal edge slightly curved inwards. Four to five pairs of predorsal plates. Cheek plates eversible, with hypertrophied odontodes. Dorsal-fin rays i, 8, pterygiophores located posterior to neural spines of vertebral centra 6–17. Dorsal-fin base very long, its length equals to 12 dorsal plates, reaching pre-adipose plate; connected to adipose fin by thick membrane. Dorsal-fin spinelet V-shaped with locking mechanism. Eight furcate neural spines supporting dorsal fin. Pectoral and pelvic fins well developed, medial portion conspicuously expanded relative to base; distal margin rounded. Pectoral-fin rays I, 6; unbranched ray covered with well-developed odontodes. Tip of adpressed pectoral fin almost reaching vertical through medial, unbranched, pelvic-fin ray. Pelvic-fin rays i, 5; pelvic-fin spine reaching vertical through anal-fin base when adpressed. Anal-fin rays i, 4, located posterior to haemal spines of vertebral centra 14–17. Caudal fin i, 14, i, truncate; caudal fin-ray filaments present in juveniles; supracaudal plates 7. Three to five (usually four) procurrent caudal-fin rays. Total vertebrae 29, precaudal 12. Sixth rib strongly thickened, remaining ribs slender. Color in life. Dorsal surface of trunk pale brown with median dark blotches that might be faint in juveniles and some adults; dark blotches anostomosing to form continuous zigzag bands alongside longitudinal keels in most specimens. Head without well-defined spots or blotches. Ventral surface pale, sometimes with some few faint spots in the abdominal region; spots in general absent in most specimens. All fins with orange or almost red color, at least in the unbranched fin-rays; more evident in the dorsal and caudal unbranched fin-rays. Juvenile specimens (in most cases) with dorsal and caudal fin almost completely faint orange without dark blotches. Color in alcohol. Specimens in alcohol usually exhibit the same color pattern when live, but in most cases the orange coloration of fins and blotches on body are inconspicuous and faint. Distribution. Pseudacanthicus pitanga probably occurs throughout the median and lower rio Tocantins. The species was recorded in the lower Tocantins river basin, at Serra dos Carajás, Tucuruí and Cametá, Pará state, and median Tocantins river basin, between São Salvador and Lajeado, Tocantins state (Fig. 4). Fisheries and economic importance. Because of its flashy and beautiful color pattern, the species of Pseudacanthicus, although not formally described, are very well known by local fishermen and the aquarist community, being an economic resource in some cases. Specimens of Pseudacanthicus pitanga, like other ornamental species, are exported to several countries worldwide, especially in Europe and the U.S.A., which has enabled many aquarists to breed them (E. Bertelsen, pers. comm.). Pseudacanthicus pitanga is economically important in the aquarium trade as an ornamental fish. The ornamental fish exploration has been a common practice in lower Tocantins in the Marabá region, and P. pitanga is recognized in the L number aquarist system as L024 (Schraml & Schaefer, 2004). Ornamental fishes are usually captured by diving with the aid of an air compressor, a collecting technique that is very common in ornamental fish exploration centers, such as in Marabá (Tocantins), Altamira (Xingu), and Santarém and Itaituba (Tapajós) (more about capture techniques in Sousa & Birindelli, 2009). Etymology. The specific epithet pitanga derives from Tupi-Guarani, meaning red, in allusion to the color of fins. An adjective.Published as part of Chamon, Carine C., 2015, Pseudacanthicus pitanga: a new species of Ancistrini (Siluriformes: Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from rio Tocantins Basin, North Brazil, pp. 309-320 in Zootaxa 3973 (2) on pages 310-314, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/23242
Centromochlus akwe Coelho & Chamon & Sarmento-Soares 2021, new species
No full text<i>Centromochlus akwe</i>, new species <p>(Figure 1, Table 1)</p> <p> <b>Holotype</b>. MNRJ 51961, 61.0 mm SL, Javaés River, Ilha do Bananal, Pedral da Sambaíba, Pium, Tocantins, Brasil. 10°00’01”S, 50°01’29”W, 16 Sep 2017, Chamon, C. C. <i>et al</i>.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes</b>. All from Brazil. Tocantins State, Tocantins-Araguaia River basin basin. UNT 10879, 2, 39.1– 47.5 mm SL, rio Araguaia, Ananás, 6°7’12” S, 48°18’3” W, 8 Dec 2009, Marques, E. E. <i>et al</i>. UNT 5846, 1, 44.8 mm SL, rio Areias, Porto Nacional, 10° 50’ 30” S, 48° 23’ 35’’ W, 12 Dec 2000, Marques, E. E. <i>et al</i>.</p> <p> UNT 12676, 50, 42.2–68.3 mm SL, rio Crixás, Brejinho de Nazaré, 11°31’11”S, 48°34’21” W, 4 Nov 2010, Marques, E. E. <i>et al</i>. UNT 14211, 1, 71.3 mm SL, rio Tocantins, Porto Nacional, 10°43’15.”S, 48°25’14”W, 3 Feb 2011, Marques, E. E. <i>et al</i>. UNT 14255, 20, 17.5–47.5 mm SL, rio Santo Antônio, Sucupira, 11°57’48”S, 49 o 00’13”W, 10 May 2010, Marques, E. E. <i>et al</i>. UNT 15983, 1, 52.1 mm SL, rio Palma, Arraias, 12°21’44”S, 47°5’59”W, 24 Jan 2009, Aloisio, G (Consultoria CTE Engenharia). UNT 17391, 77, 3. 79–61.0 mm SL, collected with the holotype. UNT 17716, 1, 66.9 mm SL, rio Tocantins, Porto Nacional, 10°43’15”S, 48°25’14” W, 17 Aug 2007, Marques, E. E. <i>et al</i>.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. The new species is diagnosed among Centromochlinae by having a vermiculated color pattern on the dorsum (<i>vs</i>. dorsum uniform in all Centromochlinae, except <i>Tatia brunnea</i>, <i>T. dunni</i>, and <i>T. meridionalis</i>). The new species is distinguished from these three aforementioned species by having eye ventrolaterally displaced on head in a way that almost the entire eye is visible in ventral view (<i>vs</i>. eye displaced dorsolaterally and not visible in ventral view). The new species is included in <i>Centromochlus</i> by sharing all the derived features for the genus, such as the ventrolateral position of eye socket; a sphenotic notched for the exit of infraorbital canal; and posterior serrations along pectoral-fin spine numerous (mentioned by Sarmento-Soares & Martins-Pinheiro, 2020: 127 to diagnose <i>Centromochlus</i>). The new species is diagnosed from congeners by having the pectoral-fin spine with dark bars, alternating with light bars (<i>vs</i>. pectoral-fin spine with light and uniform color in <i>all Centromochlus</i>). It is further distinguished from its congeners (except <i>C. carolae</i>) by the ventral surface of head moderate to largely pigmented (<i>vs</i>. ventral surface of head unpigmented in <i>C. heckelii</i>, <i>C. existimatus</i>, <i>C. orca</i>, <i>C. musaicus</i>, <i>C. schultzi</i> or with few scattered dark chromatophores in <i>C. macracanthus</i> and <i>C. melanoleucus</i>). It is distinguished from <i>C. carolae</i> by the presence of vermiculated color pattern or scattered chromatophores on lateral surface of the body that extends to the caudal peduncle (<i>vs</i>. lateral surface of the body with distinct demarcation between dark and light areas continuous posteriorly onto the caudal peduncle whereas the dark pigmentation extends nearly to the ventral midline in <i>C. carolae</i>), by lacking dark large and rounded blotches over a pale background on head and trunk (<i>vs</i>. present in <i>C. schultzi</i>); and by the smaller length of the dorsal-fin spine (18.1–27.1% of SL <i>vs</i>. more than 27% of SL in <i>C. macracanthus, C. heckelii, C. existimatus</i>), and pectoral-fin spine (24.2–32.2% of SL <i>vs.</i> more than 33% of SL in <i>C. macracanthus, C. heckelii, C. existimatus</i>).</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Morphometric data presented in Table 1. Small-sized species, largest known specimen 61.0 mm SL (MNRJ 51961). Compact body. Anteriorly depressed head. Dorsal profile of head longer than broader. In lateral view, ventral profile of head and body approximately straight, profile slightly convex to slightly concave between anal fin and caudal fin. Greatest body width at pectoral-fin origin. Greatest body depth at dorsal-fin origin. Head covered with thick skin (making obscuring outline of cranial roof bones); eye ventrolateral; small terminal mouth, with rictus well-developed; snout margin rounded in dorsal and lateral views; anterior nostril tubular, located at anterior border of snout; posterior nostril limited anteriorly by skin flap; transverse distance between anterior nostrils less than that between posterior ones. Maxillary barbel elongate, reaching approximately vertical through dorsal-fin origin; Very short inner and outer mental barbels, not reaching the ventral edge of eye; bases of outer and inner barbels side by side, equidistant between inner and outer. Posterior process of cleithrum moderately long exceeding vertical through origin of dorsal fin.</p> <p>Dorsal fin I,5 dorsal-fin spine shorter than first branched ray; serrations on anterior and posterior faces of dorsalfin spine well-developed, anterior face with 19–25 serrations, posterior face with 18–20 serrations; first branched ray elongated, subsequent branched rays gradually decreasing in size; dorsal fin with truncated convex margin (n = 19). Adipose fin small 3.7–7.0% SL (n = 19), with free posterior margin. Pectoral fin I,4; pectoral-fin spine large, tip reaching pelvic-fin origin, when adpressed, anterior margin with 31–23 antrorse serrations, posterior margin with 18–26 retrorse serrations; serrations of anterior and posterior margins larger towards distal tip; pectoral-fin spine longer than subsequent rays; pectoral fin margin truncated (n = 19). Pelvic fin i,6; origin in the posterior half of the body; first branched ray longest, subsequent rays progressively smaller; distal margin of pelvic-fin approximately round. Anal fin iii,7 (n = 19); Anal-fin origin posterior to posterior margin of pelvic fin, its origin beyond posterior third of the body; last unbranched-ray and first branched-ray elongate; distal margin rounded. Caudal fin i,7–8,i; forked, with rounded lobes; dorsal and ventral lobes of equal size; 16 upper and 14 lower procurrent rays (n = 19).</p> <p>Anterior margin of cranium (Fig. 2) with mesethmoid wide and short; premaxillae with synchondral articulation to each other; anterior cranial fontanel narrow and ovoid, with two openings delimitated by mesethmoid and frontals; posterior cranial fontanel completely closed. Nasal ossified, short and tubular situated between mesethmoid cornua and lateral ethmoid. Lateral ethmoid not forming the dorsal surface of cephalic shield. Autopalatine rod-like, oriented almost parallel to longitudinal axis of body; maxilla slightly elongated; vomer arrow-shaped with short anterolateral processes. Jaws of equal size; premaxilla and dentary slender, each with two or three rows of conical teeth. Anterior nuchal plate absent; middle nuchal plate wide and with deeply concave lateral margins; posterior nuchal plate short, projected laterally, with rounded tips. Epiotic process small, not visible in dorsal view. Hyomandibula slightly more elongated than broad and forward projected, connected to quadrate by an interdigitated suture and cartilaginous tissue. Quadrate trapezoidal in shape and anteriorly connected to hyomandibula and posteriorly connected to metapterygoid by suture and cartilage. Metapterygoid trapezoidal in shape, connected to quadrate by suture; preopercle ventrally elongated and situated dorsally to quadrate and hyomandibular; preopercular canal exiting on anterior portion of pterotic. Opercle laminate and triangular (Figure 3). Hyoid arch with urohyal moderate in size, dorsal and ventral hypohyal associated to urohyal and relatively with the same size; anterior ceratohyal well developed, posterior ceratohyal smaller than anterior one; branchiostegal rays associated to hyoid arch, six branchiostegal rays, four slender rays associated with anterior ceratohyal, two flattened rays with posterior ceratohyal (Figure 4A). Branchial (gill) arches with basibranchial 2 elongated anteriorly, slightly separated from basibranchial 3; basibranchial 3 shorter, forming osseous rod; basibranchial 4 large, flattened and cartilaginous; basibranchial 2 bordered laterally by cartilaginous head of hypobranchial 1; basibranchial 3 between cartilaginous head of hypobranchial 2 and hypobranchial 3; basibranchial 4 bordered laterally by cartilaginous head of ceratobranchial 4 and caudally by cartilaginous head of ceratobranchial 5. Hypobranchial 1 hourglass-like, with anterior edge slender and posterior edge triangular; hypobranchial 2 mainly ossified, trapezoidal; hypobranchial 4 absent. Five ceratobranchials, all supporting single row of rakers; fifth ceratobranchial expanded posteromedially to support lower pharyngeal toothplate bearing short conical teeth. Four epibranchials, all supporting single row of few rakers, close to articulation with ceratobranchials. Epibranchials 1 and 2 rod-like; epibranchial 3 with posterior uncinate process; epibranchial 4 with laminar extension. Pharyngobranchials 1 and 2 absent; pharyngobranchial accessory cartilage somewhat ellipsoid placed between anteromedial cartilaginous tips of epibranchials 1 and 2; pharyngobranchial 3 elongate, ossified, with expanded posterior border; pharyngobranchial 4 ossified, shaped as a half-circle. Upper pharyngeal tooth plate bearing conical teeth, supported by pharyngobranchial 3 and 4, and also epibranchials 3 and 4 (Figure 4B).</p> <p>Eleven ribs ribs adhered to vertebrae 6 added to vertebrae 6–17, becoming progressively smaller and progressively smaller later. Total number of vertebrae 33 (n= 5), observed in cleared and stained specimens (c & s) and from radiographs.</p> <p> <b>Color in alcohol.</b> Head and trunk countershaded. Dorsal surface of head with dark dumbbell-shaped blotch from anterior naris to midlength of middle nuchal plate, with clear area above hyomandibula. Posterior portion of middle nuchal plate and posterior nuchal plate clear (tan). Posttemporal-supracleithrum and posterior process of cleithrum also clear, tan. Opercular series with dark pigment (colored as lateral face of trunk).</p> <p>Specimens from Javaés River with dorsal surface of trunk with vermiculated dark blotches. This pattern is continuous on the lateral surface above the lateral line, and on the lateral face of the caudal peduncle. Lateral face of trunk below lateral line and in front of caudal peduncle with irregularly-shaped and erratically-distributed dark blotches in some specimens. Specimens from Tocantins River (Figure 5) with vermiculation restricted to dorsum and around nuchal shield, and lateral face of trunk, including caudal peduncle with uniformly distributed melanophores, which become sparser towards ventrum.</p> <p>Ventral portion of head anterior to pectoral girdle and ventral portion of trunk posterior to pelvic fins marbled with dark blotches in most specimens (paler with uniformly distributed melanophores in others). Ventral surface of head and trunk from anterior margin of pectoral girdle to pelvic-fin bases completely pale. Dorsal, pectoral and caudal fins with dark transverse bands, sometimes inconspicuous in specimens preserved longer. Pelvic, anal and adipose fins hyaline. Caudal fin with background covered with large dark and rounded blotches that reduce in size from the base to distal edge.</p> <p> <b>Color in life</b>. Color in life almost dark gray with vermiculated pattern described in alcoholic specimens (Figure 6).</p> <p> <b>Sexual Dimorphism</b>. In nuptial males, anal-fin rays joined together forming single structure with rigid triangular shape with elongated distal tip retrorse spines structure (distal edge of anal fin thinner than the proximal edge) and pointed to posterior region of the body. Female and immature specimens have anal-fin rays separate, obliquely oriented, with distal tip rounded and with the almost the same width as the proximal border (Figure 7).</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. <i>Centromochlus akwe</i> is known from Tocantins-Araguaia River basin. It was reported from the upper and middle stretches of the Tocantins River; and in median and lower portions of the Araguaia River basin, at Javaés River (Ilha do Bananal) and at Araguaia River near the confluence to the Tocantins River (Figure 8).</p> <p> <b>Ecological notes</b>. Some specimens of <i>Centromochlus</i> from the Javaés River (Araguaia system) were collected in recent expeditions. The new species was found hidden in crevices within laterititic bedrock substrate covered by alluvial sediment, typical of the median portion of the Araguaia River basin (Figure 9). The specimens were manually collected and sometimes it was necessary to break the rocks to remove specimens that were hidden. The laterite is a geomorphological formation that originates from the weathering of lateritic crusts that cover the geological units, and it is common at the middle and lower rio Araguaia stretches (Latrubesse & Stevaux, 2002). In this type of environment were collected several species of Siluriformes that occur collected syntopically with the new species: such as <i>Centromochlus schultzi</i>, <i>Tatia intermedia</i>, <i>Auchenipterichthys longimanus</i> (Auchenipteridae) <i>Rhinodoras boehlkei</i>, <i>Platydoras armatulus</i> (Doradidae), <i>Rhamdia quelen</i> (Pimelodidae), <i>Leporacanthicus galaxias</i>, <i>Peckoltia vittata</i>, <i>P. sabaji</i>, <i>Parancistrus aurantiacus</i>, <i>Pseudacanthicus</i> sp., and <i>Spectracanthicus javae</i> (Loricariidae) (Chamon <i>et. al</i>., 2018). The sampling effort to collect the specimens were made in the twilight and daytime, with most specimens collected during the morning. At periods of capture, the collected specimens were in lethargic condition.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name is in honor to the Akwê (Xerente self-denomination) indigenous people. The Akwê people were previously distributed throughout the middle and upper Tocantins River basin. Since the colonization of the indigenous territories in the so-called “Capitania de Goiás ” (in the 18th century), the Akwê-Xerente and other ethnic groups have been losing their territory and being decimated. Since the 19th century, the Akwê- Xerente have resisted conflicts with squatters and farmers, leading to a drastic reduction of their vast territory, now restricted to the city of Tocantínia, north of Palmas City (Instituto Socioambiental, ISA).</p> <p> <b>Conservation status</b>. <i>Centromochlus akwe</i> is known from the Javaés River, Araguaia system, and for the upper and middle stretches of the Tocantins drainage. In the Araguaia system, there is no major threats to the species. Although <i>C. akwe</i> was abundant at the sampling points, in both middle and upper stretches of the Tocantins River, there are at least two dams (UHEs Lajeado and Peixe Angical) that may have affected the new species. According to GeoCAT analysis its Extent of Occurrence (EOO) is 19,111; 132 km 2, what suggests that the species could be Vulnerable (VU), however, there was no more capture effort since 2010, thus we suggest that <i>C. akwe</i> should be categorized as deficient data (DD) according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature categories and criteria (IUCN, 2020).</p> <p> <b>Remarks</b>. Almost all the specimens from the middle Tocantins River in UNT collections were previously misidentified as <i>Centromochlus</i> cf. <i>punctatus</i> (<i>Tatia punctata</i>). A comparison with <i>Tatia punctata</i> (Mees 1974), a species described from Guiana shield rivers, revealed a similar color pattern. The new species is promptly distinguished from <i>T. punctata</i> by having two openings in the cranial fontanel (vs. single opening in <i>T. punctata</i>) and by the last branched ray of the modified anal fin of nuptial males, slightly shorter than penultimate ray in the new species (vs. last ray rudimentary in <i>T. punctata</i>).</p>Published as part of <i>Coelho, Fernanda L., Chamon, Carine C. & Sarmento-Soares, Luisa M., 2021, A new species of driftwood catfish Centromochlus Kner, 1858 (Siluriformes Auchenipteridae, Centromochlinae) from Tocantins-Araguaia River drainage, pp. 149-165 in Zootaxa 4950 (1)</i> on pages 150-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4950.1.8, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4643560">http://zenodo.org/record/4643560</a>
Spectracanthicus immaculatus Chamon & Rapp Py-Daniel 2014, new species
No full textSpectracanthicus immaculatus, new species Figs. 9-10 Holotype. MZUSP 92797, 63.8 mm SL, Brazil, Pará, rio Tapajós, near Itaituba, approximately 4°16’46.56”S 55°59’5.77”W, 7 Nov 2006, L. M. Sousa & J. L. Birindelli. Paratypes. MZUSP 92617, 11, 38.2-82.2 mm SL (1 c&s, 81.2 mm SL), Brazil, Pará, rio Tapajós near Itaituba and Pimental, approximately 4°16’46.56”S 55°59’5.77”W, 8 Nov 2006, L.M. Sousa & J. L. Birindelli. Diagnosis. Spectracanthicus immaculatus can be distinguished from all congeners by its color pattern consisting of a dark gray body, without dots or spots, and by having very slender teeth (vs. with small to mid-sized yellowish dots in S. punctatissimus, S. murinus, and S. tocantinensis; and large white spots in S. zuanoni). It further differs from Spectracanthicus punctatissimus and S. zuanoni by the pointed snout in dorsal view (vs. snout rounded). Other characters that differs the new species from other congeners are: nasal quadrangular (vs. nasal L-shaped); posterior margin of pterotic-supracleithrum without contact with posterior margin of orbit (vs. with large contact with orbit in S. murinus and small contact in remaining species); cartilage area of basipterygia short (vs. elongate in remaining species, except in S. murinus); anterior fenestrae of cartilage area of basipterygia large in size (vs. small to median size in remaining species, except in S. tocantinensis) (Fig. 11). Description. Morphometric and meristic data summarized in Table 3. Dorsal profile of body slightly convex from tip of snout to vertical through of dorsal fin; concave, nearly straight from that point to caudal-fin origin.Ventral profile straight from snout tip to origin of caudal fin.Ventral surface from tip of snout to urogenital papillae lacking plates, except for few small plates at pectoral and pelvic-fins origins. Body deep and robust even at caudal peduncle. Head and trunk lacking keels or ridges. Greatest body depth at dorsal-fin origin; lowest at caudal peduncle. Head wide, convex dorsally; snout and cheeks completely covered by numerous small plates, except for small naked area on tip of snout. Snout slightly rounded in dorsal profile. Nasal elongated, L-shaped. Frontal short with a slight contact with nares anteriorly and orbit posteriorly. Anterior margin of frontal short, reaching posterior margin or half of length of nare. Parieto-supraoccipital short with posterior edge narrow, lacking crest. Sphenotic short, without contact with IO6, lacking conspicuous odontodes. Orbit moderate in size (13.6-16.2% HL), placed dorsolaterally in head. Iris with small dorsal flap over pupil. Pterotic-supracleithrum short with few fenestrae; anterior process forming most posterior margin of orbit. Posterior area of pterotic-supracleithrum with one plate. Mouth moderate in size, nearly as long as wide. Lips large, covered with papillae; size of papillae decreasing towards posterior margin of lower lip; central buccal papilla absent. Upper lip folded over itself. Maxillary barbel short; base of barbel united to lips with free tip. Lower lip not reaching anterior margin of coracoid. Medial end of premaxillary teeth series almost straight. Premaxillae and dentaries narrow and elongate. Dentaries strongly curved inwards. Teeth medium in size, well developed, slender, with long crown and large lateral cusp. Distal edge of teeth slightly curved inward. Eversible cheek plates with associated hypertrophied odontodes and disposed as unique block connected to opercle, that can be everted to approximately 90 o from head by opercle movements (Fig. 12). Body covered by five longitudinal series of plates supporting odontodes. Keels absent. Three to four predorsal plates; some small azygous predorsal plates sometimes present. Eight neural bifid spines supporting dorsal fin. Dorsal-fin rays i,7, located posterior to neural spines of vertebral centra 7-17. Dorsal-fin base very long, its length equivalent to 12 dorsal plates, reaching pre-adipose plate and connected to adipose fin by thick membrane. Dorsal-fin spinelet V-shaped with locking mechanism. Pectoral and pelvic fins well developed, medial portion much expanded relative to base; distal margins rounded. Pectoral-fin rays I,6; unbranched ray covered with conspicuous odontodes. Tip of adpressed pectoral fin almost reaching vertical through medial, unbranched, pelvic-fin ray. Pelvic-fin rays i,5; pelvic-fin spine reaching vertical through anal-fin base when adpressed. Anal-fin rays i,4 located posterior to hemal spines of vertebral centra 14-17. Caudal-fin rays i,14,i, truncated; supracaudal plates. Five to six procurrent caudal-fin rays. Caudal peduncle strongly deep in lateral view. Total vertebrae 26, precaudal 8-12. Sixth rib strongly thickened, remaining ribs slender. Infraorbital with 7-8 pores. Infraorbital 4 with little contact with orbit by posterior margin. Infraorbital 6 forming only postero-vental part of orbit. Lateral line pores restrict to hypural plate. Color in alchool. Ground color evenly dark gray to dark brown without dots or spots. Ventral surface ochre to light brown without dots. Dorsal surface of body of live specimens gray. Distribution. Spectracanthicus immaculatus is known from rio Tapajós basin, near Itaituba and Pimental, Pará State, Brazil. Etymology. The specific epithet “ immaculatus ” derives from Latin, meaning unspotted or unstained, in allusion to the coloration pattern of the species, lacking dots or spots. An adjective. Fishery and economical importance. Spectracanthicus immaculatus is an important resource of ornamental fish. It is also recognized by local fishermen and aquarists as “naná” or “L363” (L-number; Schraml & Schafer, 2004; Werner et al. 2005). Like S. murinus, it is also captured by diving with help of a compressor, a typical way of capturing ornamental fishes in Itaituba and Santarém regions (Sousa & Birindelli, 2009).Published as part of Chamon, Carine C. & Rapp Py-Daniel, Lúcia H., 2014, Taxonomic revision of Spectracanthicus Nijssen & Isbrücker (Loricariidae: Hypostominae: Ancistrini), with description of three new species, pp. 1-25 in Neotropical Ichthyology 12 (1) on pages 12-16, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252014000100001, http://zenodo.org/record/477408
Spectracanthicus tocantinensis Chamon & Rapp Py-Daniel 2014, new species
No full textSpectracanthicus tocantinensis, new species Fig. 13 Holotype. MZUSP 110989, 49.5 mm SL; Brazil, Pará, Carreira Comprida, rio Itacaiunas, Tocantins drainage, 5°22’S 49° 07’W, M. Goulding, 14 Oct 1983. Paratypes. All from Brazil, Pará, rio Tocantins drainage. INPA 6045, 7, 43.13-76.9 mm SL, poço d’água downstream of Tucuruí Dam, rio Tocantins, 09 Oct 1984, Ichthyology staff, INPA (G. M. Santos & B. Mérona). INPA 6049, 1, 61.8 mm SL, rio Tocantins, Jatobal, Tucuruí, 05 Jul 1982, Ichthyology staff, INPA. INPA 6050, 1, 62.8 mm SL, rio Tocantins, Jatobal, Tucuruí, 17 Jul 2008, Ichthyology staff, INPA. INPA 2990, 140, 16.2-92.9 mm SL, rio Tocantins, downstream of Tucuruí Dam, 3°45’58”S 49°40’21”W, 31 Ago 1984, Ichthyology staff, INPA. INPA 11133, 2, 78.3-86.2 mm SL, rio Tocantins, Tucuruí, 01 Sep 1981, Ichthyology staff, INPA. FMNH 95555, 1, 64.0 mm SL, lagoon in front of Jatobal, rio Tocantins, 4°34’00”S 49°39’00”W, 16 Sep 1970, Expedição Permanente à Amazônia. MNRJ 19347, 175, 36.0- 85.3 mm SL; rio Tocantins, near Tucuruí, Sep 1984, L. C. Alvarenga. MNRJ 19359, 29, 60.8-82.7 mm SL, rio Tocantins, near Tucuruí, Sep 1984, L. C. Alvarenga. MNRJ 19373, 7, 60.0-63.0 mm SL, rio Tocantins, near Tucurui, Sep 1984, L. C. Alvarenga. MZUSP 24125, 7, 56.4 -74.0 mm SL (1 c&s, 64.2 mm SL), Jatobal, lagoon in front of Jatobal, rio Tocantins, 49°39’00”W 4°34’00”S, 16 Sep 1970, Expedição permanente à Amazônia. MZUSP 34265, 11, 38.7 -72.0 mm SL (1 c&s, 65.4 mm SL), same locality as holotype. MZUSP 39927, 1, 64.5 mm SL, lagoon in front of Jatobal, rio Tocantins, 4°34’00”S 49°39’00”W, 16 Sep 1970, Expedição Permanente à Amazônia. Diagnosis. Spectracanthicus tocantinensis can be diagnosed from its congeners by the infraorbital 4 forming most of the posterior edge of the orbit (vs. IO4 forming a minute portion of orbital rim) and by the large basipterigium fenestrae (vs. medium or small-sized basipterigium fenestrae) (Fig.11). It can be further distinguished from S. immaculatus and S. zuanoni by its color pattern, consisting of small, yellowish dots, and by the presence of thick teeth (vs. dots lacking in S. immaculatus and large, white spots in S. zuanoni; and slender teeth). It is additionally distinguished from S. zuanoni by the lower number of dentary teeth (8-16 vs.19-43). Spectracanthicus tocantinensis differs from S. murinus by the presence of a bar-shaped, eversible opercle with conspicuous odontodes (vs. triangle shaped opercle not eversible, without conspicuous odontodes) and by the presence of four unbranched anal-fin rays (vs. three unbranched anal-fin rays). The new species further differs from S. punctatissimus by the slightly pointed snout in dorsal view (vs. snout rounded in dorsal view). Description. Morphometric and meristic data are summarized in Table 4. Dorsal profile of body slightly convex from tip of snout to vertical through of dorsal fin; concave, nearly straight from that point to caudal-fin origin. Ventral profile straight from snout tip to origin of caudal fin. Ventral surface from tip of snout to urogenital papillae lacking plates, except for few small plates at pectoral and pelvic-fin origins. Body deep and robust even at caudal peduncle. Head and trunk lacking keels or ridges. Greatest body depth at dorsal-fin origin; lowest at caudal peduncle. Head wide, convex dorsally; snout and cheeks completely covered by numerous small plates, except for small naked area on tip of snout. Snout slightly rounded in dorsal profile. Nasal elongated, L-shaped. Frontal short with a slight contact with nares anteriorly and orbit posteriorly. Anterior margin of frontal short, reaching posterior margin or half of length of nare. Parieto-supraoccipital short with posterior edge narrow, lacking crest. Sphenotic short, without contact with IO6, lacking conspicuous odontodes. Orbit moderate in size (15.4-20.3% HL), placed dorsolaterally in head. Iris with small dorsal flap over pupil. Pterotic-supracleithrum short with few fenestrae; anterior process forming most posterior margin of orbit. Posterior area of pterotic-supracleithrum with one plate. Mouth moderate in size, nearly as long as wide. Lips large, covered with papillae; size of papillae decreasing towards posterior margin of lower lip; central buccal papilla absent. Upper lip folded over itself. Maxillary barbel short; base of barbel united to lips with free tip. Lower lip not reaching anterior margin of coracoid. Medial end of premaxillary teeth series almost straight. Premaxillae and dentaries narrow and elongate. Dentaries strongly curved inwards. Teeth medium in size, well developed, slender, with long crown and large lateral cusp. Distal edge of teeth slightly curved inward inward. Eversible cheek plates with associated hypertrophied odontodes and disposed as unique block connected to opercle, that can be everted to approximately 90 o from head by opercle movements (Fig. 12). Body covered by five longitudinal series of plates supporting odontodes. Keels absent. Three to four predorsal plates; some small azygous predorsal plates sometimes present. Eight neural bifid spines supporting dorsal fin. Dorsal-fin rays i,7, located posterior to neural spines of vertebral centra 6-17. Dorsal-fin base very long, its length equivalent to 12 dorsal plates, reaching pre-adipose plate and connected to adipose fin by thick membrane. Dorsal-fin spinelet V-shaped with locking mechanism. Pectoral and pelvic fins well developed, medial portion much expanded relative to its base; distal margins rounded. Pectoral-fin rays I,6; unbranched ray covered with conspicuous odontodes. Tip of adpressed pectoral fin almost reaching vertical through medial, unbranched, pelvic-fin ray. Pelvic-fin rays i,5; pelvic-fin spine reaching vertical through anal-fin base when adpressed. Anal-fin rays i,4 located posterior to hemal spines of vertebral centra 14-17. Caudalfin rays i,14,i, truncated; seven supracaudal plates. Five to six procurrent caudal-fin rays. Caudal peduncle strongly deep in lateral view. Total vertebrae 26, precaudal 8-12. Ribs slender, except strong sixth rib. Infraorbital with 7-8 pores. Infraorbital 4 with great contact with orbit by posterior margin. Infraorbital 6 formed just postero-vental part of orbit. Lateral line pores restrict to hypural plate. Color in alcohol. Dorsal surface of body and fins dark brown with small to median-sized yellowish dots regularly distributed along head, trunk and fins. Body dots sparced and usually fewer in juveniles. Ventral surface light tan without dots. Geographic distribution. Spectracanthicus tocantinensis is known from the lower rio Tocantins, near Tucuruí and Jatobal, Pará, Brazil (Fig. 5). Etymology. The specific epithet “ tocantinensis ” is in allusion to the type locality of the new species, the rio Tocantins. An adjective.Published as part of Chamon, Carine C. & Rapp Py-Daniel, Lúcia H., 2014, Taxonomic revision of Spectracanthicus Nijssen & Isbrücker (Loricariidae: Hypostominae: Ancistrini), with description of three new species, pp. 1-25 in Neotropical Ichthyology 12 (1) on pages 17-18, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252014000100001, http://zenodo.org/record/477408
Erratum to: Effect of moderate red wine intake on cardiac prognosis after recent acute myocardial infarction of subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Diabetic Medicine, (2006), 23, 9, (974-981), 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01886.x)
No full textIn an article by Marfella et al, the author name C. Saron is incorrect and should be listed as C. Sardu. Therefore the correct author list is: R. Marfella, F. Cacciapuoti, M. Siniscalchi, F. C. Sasso, F. Marchese, F. Cinone, E. Musacchio, M. A. Marfella, L. Ruggiero, G. Chiorazzo, D. Liberti, G. Chiorazzo, G. F. Nicoletti, C. Sardu, F. D'Andrea, C. Ammendola, M. Verza and L. Coppola.In an article by Marfella et al, the author name C. Saron is incorrect and should be listed as C. Sardu. Therefore the correct author list is: R. Marfella, F. Cacciapuoti, M. Siniscalchi, F. C. Sasso, F. Marchese, F. Cinone, E. Musacchio, M. A. Marfella, L. Ruggiero, G. Chiorazzo, D. Liberti, G. Chiorazzo, G. F. Nicoletti, C. Sardu, F. D'Andrea, C. Ammendola, M. Verza and L. Coppola
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
De Maiestate / Praeside M. Jacobo Thomasio, Moralis Philosoph. P. P., publice disputabit Johannes Dunte, R. L. Author & Respon: ad diem 9. Septembr. H L. Q. C.
No full textDE MAIESTATE / PRAESIDE M. JACOBO THOMASIO, MORALIS PHILOSOPH. P. P., PUBLICE DISPUTABIT JOHANNES DUNTE, R. L. AUTHOR & RESPON: AD DIEM 9. SEPTEMBR. H L. Q. C.
De Maiestate / Praeside M. Jacobo Thomasio, Moralis Philosoph. P. P., publice disputabit Johannes Dunte, R. L. Author & Respon: ad diem 9. Septembr. H L. Q. C. (1)
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Beiträge (21
Survival of Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and indicator bacteria on cooked uncured turkey loaf stored under vacuum at 3°C
No full textSterile slices of cooked uncured turkey loaf were inoculated with 106 CFU of either Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Enterobacter cloacae. Inoculated samples were vacuum‐packaged and stored at 3 ± 1°C. Microorganisms were enumerated at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days on nonselective media. K. pneumoniae exhibited the least cold‐tolerance with a log10 1.70 decrease in numbers. The coliforms E. cloacae, E. coli, and C. freundii had a survival pattern similar to that of S. typhimurium, with population decreases of log10 0.65, 0.82, 1.13, and 0.79, respectively. E. faecalis and L. monocytogenes were significantly more cold‐resistant, with a decrease of log10 0.20 and no significant change in numbers, respectively. Survival of E. faecalis was not significantly (p < 0.01) different than that of L. monocytogenes, suggesting the use of enterococci as indicators of L. monocytogenes contamination of processed meats.Peer reviewedfinal article publishe
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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