196 research outputs found
Winners and losers from trophy hunting bans
No full textBans on trophy hunting or the movement of trophies are increasingly proposed as ‘wins’ for conservation. However, trophy hunting is a complex and contentious topic, and proposed bans involve considerable trade-offs — including conservation and welfare risks. Here, we briefly outline some of the trade-offs that deserve deeper consideration
Understanding markets to conserve CITES-listed species
No full textThe authors note that historical responses to the conservation and sustainable use of wildlife have been predominantly regulatory, relying largely on the implementation of CITES. However, these supply-centric approaches have at best had mixed effectiveness, while CITES largely disregards the economic reality of wildlife trade in implementation terms. In this chapter, the authors examine the outcome of CITES policies on the trade and conservation of pangolins (Manis spp.) in Asia, specifically an Appendix II listing, inclusion in multiple phases of the Review of Significant Trade process, and a proposed transfer to Appendix I at CoP11 in 2000. They argue that reforms to this supply-centric approach are needed urgently, and which should include an explicit and in-depth understanding of consumer demand factors, and changing market dynamics (e.g., rapidly increasing demand, rising prices)
Response: Commentary: Think before your act: Improving the conservation outcomes of CITES listing decisions
No full textDC acknowledges support from The Oxford Martin Programme on Wildlife Trade.Peer-reviewe
Novices Make More Noise!: The D&K Effect 2.0?
No full textThis paper presents an approach that helps distinguish expert and novice performance easily by observing the sensor data without having to understand nor apply models to the sensor signal. The method consists of plotting the sensor data and identifying irregularities. We corroborate, with the help of sensors, that expert performances are smoother, contain fewer irregularities, and have consistently uniform patterns than novice performances. In this paper, we present six different cases pointing out this assertion, namely bachata and salsa dances, tennis swings, football penalty kicks, badminton, and running.Web Information System
Latin America's experience with export subsidies
No full textTwenty years ago, it ws believed that export subsidies would produce more diversification and better export performance. This has not happened. In most cases, export subsidies were not supported by more open import policies - so subsidies reduced only marginally the anti-export bias of Latin American countries. Unstable real exchange rates have also hurt exports. Export subsidies appear to have improved exports in Brazil, which also liberalized imports, stabilized exchange rates, and promoted other policies conducive to export growth. Yet Mexico, after reducing import barriers, also enjoyed improved exports - with minimum export subsidies, and with apparently lower social costs than Brazil experienced. Export subsidies have failed in other Latin American countries - and particularly hurt development in Argentina, where fraud, corruption, and rent-seeking have been rampant. The author contends that the failure of export subsidies should remind us of the importance of distinguishing what is possible from what is likely. Finally, export subsidies compete with other government programs, and, considering their failure rate, the money might be better spent on infrastructure, health, and education projects.Tax Law,Economic Theory&Research,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Stabilization
AFFECTIVE DOMAIN DEVELOPMENT: REALITY AND EXPECTATION
No full textPengembangan Ranah Afektif: Kenyataan dan Harapan. Pendidik masa kini mendambakan perhatian yang seimbang terhadap pengembangan ranah kognitif, psikomotorik dan afektif dalam mendidik generasi muda. Namun, di dalam pelaksanaannya sedikit sekali penghargaan yang diberikan kepada anak-anak yang telah menunjukkan perkembangan ranah afektif secara baik. Hal ini terjadi karena tolok ukur keberhasilan pendidikan selalu mengacu kepada prestasi siswa yang terkait dengan ranah kognitif atau psikomotorik. Selain itu, banyak contoh ambivalensi dalam kehidupan nyata di masyarakat yang dapat melemahkan pondasi bagi pengembangan ranah afektif. Apabila generasi muda diharapkan berkembang menjadi manusia seutuhnya, penghargaan yang layak seharusnya diberikan kepada mereka yang berhasil dalam mengembangkan ranah afektifnya, dan harus ada teladan yang dapat mereka acu. Selain itu, pendampingan perlu dilakukan oleh orang tua dan guru. Kata kunci : pengembangan ranah afektif, penghargaan, teladan, pendampinga
Think before you act: Improving the conservation outcomes of CITES listing decisions
No full textThe CITES treaty is the major international instrument designed to safeguard wild plants and animals from overexploitation by international trade. CITES is now approaching 50 years old, and we contend that it is showing its age. In stark contrast to most environmental policy arenas, CITES does not require, encourage, or even allow for, consideration of the impacts of its key decisions—those around listing species in the CITES Appendices. Decisions to list species in CITES are based on a simplistic set of biological and trade criteria that do not relate to the impact of the decision, and have little systematic evidentiary support. We explain the conservation failures that flow from this weakness and propose three key changes to the CITES listing process: (1) development of a formal mechanism for consideration by Parties of the likely consequences of species listing decisions; (2) broadening of the range of criteria used to make listing decisions; and (3) amplification of the input of local communities living alongside wildlife in the listing process. Embracing these changes will help to ensure CITES decisions more effectively respond to the needs of wildlife in today’s highly complex and dynamic conservation context
Postdigital publishing
No full textAlthough digital technologies promised a renaissance in the publishing industries, publishers still struggle with digital innovations and try to hold on to traditional workflows, production, form and business models. How can we open-up this top-down mode of communication? In this episode we discuss the future of (digital) publishing through interviews with Janneke Adema, Michael Dieter, Morehshin Allahyari and Daniel Rourke. How to approach the act of publishing (digital) in the postdigital age? What happens when we approach the book as an apparatus and what does that mean for the book as we know it? What does is mean for the notion of the author and the reader when we perform the book differently
Assessing a reverse approach to traded species protection
No full textGrowing concern over the scale of unregulated wildlife trade has led to calls for fundamental changes to systems of species protection. A proposed “reverse listing” approach would ban the harvest and trade of all wild species, except those for which trade can be demonstrated to be sustainable. We evaluate the feasibility of this approach on an international scale and discuss policy solutions. Adopting reverse listing would not be straightforward; key issues include the social legitimacy of resulting laws, ensuring effective law enforcement, and the treatment of trade from alternative (i.e., non-wild) sources. Reverse listing is not a panacea for protecting biodiversity from overexploitation, and a combination of approaches is needed to effectively regulate the world’s wildlife trade
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