169,774 research outputs found
Projets, relations et fabrique des politiques publiques. Une (nouvelle) introduction aux associations et ONG dans le monde arabe
No full textMechanistic aspects of thiamine biosynthesis in escherichia coli
No full textThe biosynthesis of the vitamin thiamine is laden with interesting chemistry. In anaerobic bacteria (such as Escherichia coli) a reactive intermediate, dehydroglycine, required for the biosynthesis of the thiazole moiety is derived from cleavage of the C??C? bond of tyrosine in a reaction catalysed by the radical S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) enzyme, tyrosine lyase (ThiH). The aromatic by-product of this reaction in vivo was unequivocally characterised as p-cresol, a result which supported previous in vitro observations. Development of a reproducible activity assay for ThiH activity initiated detailed studies on the kinetics. ThiH, isolated either in a complex with thiazole synthase (ThiG), or as a monomer displayed pre-steady state burst phase kinetics. The SAM cleavage products (5‘-deoxyadenosine (DOA) and methionine) were identified as inhibitors of ThiH activity and this inhibition could be alleviated by addition of 5‘-methylthioadenosine / S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase (MTAN), which catalysed rapid hydrolysis of DOA to adenine and 5‘-deoxyribose. The addition of MTAN increased the activity of the ThiGH complex but drastically increased the amount of observed uncoupled cleavage of SAM. The in vitro products of tyrosine cleavage (glyoxylate and ammonium ions) were also identified as inhibitors of the ThiH mediated tyrosine cleavage reaction. However, reductive cleavage of SAM continued in an uncoupled manner. Experiments with tyrosine analogues showed that 4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid compounds could support uncoupled SAM cleavage, but the C??C? bond cleavage reaction was dependent on a correctly orientated ?-amino functional group. A mechanistic model was constructed, based on the available experimental data, which explained the observed product inhibition, uncoupled turnover and complex formation between ThiH and ThiG. The model proposes that ThiH controls the tyrosine cleavage reaction in order to co-ordinate the generation of the intermediate, iv dehydroglycine, with its utilisation in the thiazole forming cylisation reaction, catalysed by Thi
The Myth of the Clash of Civilizations
No full textWhile globalization unifies the world, divisions re-emerge within it in the form of a spectacular separation between Islam and the West. How can it be that Huntington's contested idea of a clash of civilizations became such a powerful political myth through which so many people look at the world? Bottici and Challand disentangle such a process of myth-making both in the West and in Muslim majority countries, and call for a renewed critical attitude towards it. By analysing a process of elaboration of this myth that took place in academic books, arts and media, comics and Hollywood films, they show that the clash of civilizations has become a cognitive scheme through which people look at the world, a practical image on the basis of which they act on it, as well as a drama which mobilizes passions and emotions. Written in a concise and accessible way, this book is a timely and valuable contribution to the academic literature, and more generally, to the public debate. As such, it will be an important reference for scholars and students of political science, sociology, philosophy, cultural studies, Middle Eastern politics and Islam.List of illustrations
Acknowledgements
Introduction
1 Political myths
2 Icons
3 Myth and theory
4 The politics of myth
5 The struggle for people's imagination
Notes
References
Inde
The Politics of Imagination
No full textThe Politics of Imagination offers a multidisciplinary perspective on the contemporary relationship between politics and the imagination. What role does our capacity to form images play in politics? And can we define politics as a struggle for people’s imagination? As a result of the increasingly central place of the media in our lives, the political role of imagination has undergone a massive quantitative and a qualitative change. As such, there has been a revival of interest in the concept of imagination, as the intimate connections between our capacity to form images and politics becomes more and more evident. Bringing together scholars from different disciplines and theoretical outlooks, The Politics of Imagination examines how the power of imagination reverberates in the various ambits of social and political life: in law, history, art, gender, economy, religion and the natural sciences. And it will be of considerable interest to those with contemporary interests in philosophy, political philosophy, political science, legal theory, gender studies, sociology, nationalism, identity studies, cultural studies, and media studies
Myths and Maps of Europe - Special issue of The Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society, Vol. 2, Num. 1
No full textLes relations entre acteurs associatifs et Etat, clé de compréhension des Révolutions arabes
No full textLe développement, une affaire d’ONG ? Associations, Etats et bailleurs dans le monde arabe
No full textLa plupart des régimes arabes subissent aujourd'hui une pression extrême de leur population. Leur autoritarisme est mis en cause, mais également leur capacité à produire du développement et du bien-être collectif, alors que le chômage, l'insécurité sociale et la pauvreté fragilisent leurs sociétés. Comment les associations de développement, qui se sont multipliées ces dernières années, participent-elles à la nouvelle donne créée par le "printemps arabe" de 2011 ?
Les auteurs de cet ouvrage cherchent à comprendre les dynamiques qui ont amené des associations très diverses à s'investir de missions qui, pendant plusieurs décennies, avaient incombé aux Etats. Quels sont en particulier les rapports complexes qui les lient à "la fabrique de l'action publique" dans les pays arabes étudiés (Maroc, Yémen, Liban, Syrie, Jordanie et, dans une moindre mesure, Palestine) ?
Ce livre analyse les relations à géométrie variable que les acteurs associatifs entretiennent avec le politique, la chose publique, le pouvoir étatique et les bailleurs de fonds internationaux. Ses auteurs prêtent attention pour cela aux histoires "réelles" de certains projets de développement, sans céder aux sirènes des théories en usage sur les vertus de la société civile et sans considérer le monde associatif comme un ensemble monolithique
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