1,721,103 research outputs found
Trends in robotic surgery
No full textRobotic surgery began as a technology-driven innovation but is now becoming a genuine method of improving healthcare effectiveness worldwide. This comprehensive review introduces the current trends, using examples of specific systems to distinguish the various types of robotic surgical devices, from remote handling machines to those performing delicate local interventions. We end by commenting on how to extend existing systems and provide an account of the rapid developments in minimally invasive robotic surgery. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Critical analysis of phase II and III randomised control trials (RCTs) evaluating efficacy and tolerability of a β3-adrenoceptor agonist (Mirabegron) for overactive bladder (OAB)
No full textTo critically analyse available phase II and III randomised control trials (RCTs) reporting clinical data about the efficacy and tolerability of Mirabegron (a β3-adrenoceptor agonist) in the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome. A review of the literature was performed in September 2013 using the MEDLINE database. A 'free text' protocol was used for the search strategy using 'overactive bladder' and 'Mirabegron' as keywords. Subsequently, the searches were pooled and limited to phase II and III RCTs. Two phase II and five phase III RCTs were selected and analysed. The available phase II studies showed the efficacy and tolerability of different doses of Mirabegron compared with placebo. Moreover, a dose-ranging study showed that 50mg once daily should be considered the most promising dose for clinical use. The 12-week phase III studies confirmed the effectiveness of Mirabegron to significantly reduce the mean number of incontinence episodes/24h and the mean number of micturitions/24h compared with placebo. A post hoc analysis confirmed that favourable results with Mirabegron were reported both in patients with OAB who were antimuscarinic naïve and in those who had discontinued prior antimuscarinic therapy. Moreover, a phase III trial showed the safety and tolerability of 12-month treatment of Mirabegron. Discontinuation due to adverse events was low both using the 50 and 100mg dose of Mirabegron. Mirabegron is the first of a new class of drugs for the treatment of OAB able to influence non-voiding activity and produce an increased storage capacity and inter-void interval. Recently published phase II and III RCTs have shown that the β3-adrenoceptor-selective agonist, Mirabegron, is an effective and safe drug for the symptomatic treatment of OAB syndrome. Mirabegron represents a valid medical option both for patients with OAB who are antimuscarinic naïve, as well as in those where antimuscarinics are ineffective or not tolerated. © 2014 The Authors
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