1,722,027 research outputs found
Why science centres? An appraisal of the rhetoric and activities of the National Council of Science Museums, India
No full textWith the emergence of nationalism in the period of decolonisation after the Second World War, museums came to be recognised as powerful tools for radical socio-economic transformation (Ghose 1992; Venugopal 1995). The first two science museums in India came up, around 1953, in Pilani (in the Indian state of Rajasthan) and New Delhi, soon after the independence. In the former case,it was the initiative of the Birla Institute of Technology and Science to open a central museum on campus, and in the latter, it was the effort of the National Physical Laboratory to house a museum.1The first governmental attempt at defining India’s scientific heritage and to promote science education was the establishment of Birla Industrial and Technological Museum (BITM hereafter) in Calcutta in 1959, in the decade following India’s independence. As Saroj Ghose, erstwhile director of the National Council of Science Museums (NCSM) and president of the International Council of Museums (ICOM), explained in a personal interview, the need was felt by the central and state governments, and especially by the then Chief Minister of West Bengal, Dr Bidhan Chandra Roy, to preserve artefacts of historical significance in the newly formed state with diverse people. He was to a great degree influenced by the set-up at the Deutsches Museum which he personally visited and from this institution, he drew inspiration to form a similar one in India
<i>Review of Wikipedia, Work and Capitalism: A Realm of Freedom?</i>, by Arwid Lund
No full textThis is a review of Arwid Lund's book Wikipedia, Work and Capitalis
Sensemaking of digital money among female peripheral agents: a short ethnographic study of informal workers in North India.
No full textThis essay compares how digital money is conceptualized by the government with sense-making and practices among women workers in North India. The government promotes and envisions a future with large sections of the population within the fold of ‘Digital India’. The policy rhetoric emphasizes capacity building, both in terms of improving infrastructure and training people to be able to use cashless modes of payments. However, in its positive narrative, the inclusion of women is mentioned only in passing, thereby rendering them peripheral in the government’s vision of a digital economy. Further, through focus group discussions and interviews carried out with women working at the intersection of formal and informal economy, the analysis establishes that our respondents are peripheral agents because of the economic and social structures which constrain them from formal and effective access to digital money
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Exploiting Cross-Channel Correlation for Energy-Efficient LCD Bus Encoding
No full textLCD displays consume a significant portion of the system energy which is a tight constraint for various battery operated portable devices supporting streaming video. With the advent of new LCD technology like Organic-LEDs, and shrinking feature size of I/O controllers, the LCD bus is going to be the major contributor to this power budget for future devices. The data traveling over LCD buses (the images) have high spectral and temporal correlation which can be exploited for reducing the switching activity on the bus. However, there is lack of enough work for exploiting the cross-channel correlation (CCC) for low energy encodings. In this work, we prove the effectiveness of CCC and propose three new algorithms and associated encoding schemes to save as much as 23% switching activity (average 15.5%) and increase the Covering Potential on average by 20% for the LCD bus
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