1,720,965 research outputs found
UV photon assist ionization for low temperature plasma
No full textA new type plasma Source has been developed for the generation of low temperature plasma. The plasma generation process consists of two steps, the generation of metastable neutral gas by injecting a low energy electron beam (the thermionic Source) and the ionization of the metastable neutral gas by application of a UV light source. The key characteristic of this plasma source is the capability of producing extremely low temperature plasma. In the experiment, the filament heating current is 6.5 A and the electron acceleration voltage varies from 16 V to 25 V. Plasma parameters are measured by a single Langmuir probe. The plasma density increases 100% from 4.5 x 10(9) cm(-3) to 9.8 x 10(9) cm(-3) in Ar 30 mTorr when the neutrals excited by the e-beam are exposed to the UV light. However, the electron temperature is still low, i.e., similar to 0.5 eV. A similar result is observed in the case of Xe. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Control of electron density and temperature with a modified capacitive discharge
No full textWe propose a new type of capacitive plasma source with a mesh grid to solve the problems of previous low pressure discharges, the inability to control the electron density and temperature independently, i.e. just one value of electron temperature is possible for a given electron density. While varying the grid bias and the discharge current, various electron temperatures are possible for a given electron density, and the electron density and temperature can be controlled from 4 x 10(8) cm(-3) to 1 x 10(10) cm(3) and from 1 to 4 eV, respectively
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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