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Singara Devi Chenapa – Mersha Chinnappa: investigating a female author of a military Arabic phrasebook
No full textEarly Cretaceous Flora from the East Coast Sedimentary Basins of India: Their Chronostratigraphic and Palaeobiogeographic Significance
No full textMacrofloristic or microfloristic zonation of Mesozoic successions, with or without independent marine–biostratigraphic age constraints, is extensively utilized in sedimentary basin analyses worldwide. However, precise macrofloral or palynological demarcation of the non-marine Mesozoic successions remains elusive in India. This uncertainty stems from several factors, including unfossiliferous deposits in critical stratigraphic intervals. However, marine fauna (ammonoids, foraminifers) have been well documented from the Mesozoic sequences of India and offer a unique correlation interface. We attempt to establish tie-points between these fauna and the macro and microflora from the East Coast sedimentary basins of India, which include the Cauvery and Palar basins of Tamilnadu, Krishna-Godavari and Pranhita-Godavari basins of Andhra Pradesh and Mahanadi Basin of Orissa. They offer considerable potential to achieve an integrated correlation to establish a higher time resolution. The early Cretaceous lithounits in these basins provide a long-ranging Neocomian-Aptian age. This work aims to provide precise ages to these formations based on biostratigraphically diagnostic taxa, especially palynomorphs and macroflora. These ages are supported by correlation with reports of coeval marine fossils such as ammonoids, foraminifers and dinoflagellates wherever available. Thus, based on the marker taxa precise ages have been assigned to the lithounits of the east coast sedimentary basins. Palaeobiogegraphic studies indicate that latitudinal control on climate was a more important factor in delineating the paleofloristic realms. The development of the angiosperms took place around the Neocomian and their diversification around Aptian-Turonian. Marine routes were established along the margins of the southern continents.Fil: Chinapa, Ch.. Andhra Loyola College; IndiaFil: Kavali, Pauline Sabina. Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeoscience; IndiaFil: Rajanikanth, A.. Ushodaya Apartments; IndiaFil: Di Pasquo Lartigue, Maria. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; ArgentinaFil: Bernardes de Oliveira, M.E.C. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasi
இனவரைவியல் நோக்கில் ‘சங்கம்’ புதினம் / The Novel Sangam in Ethnographic Perspective
No full textEthnography is a branch of the field of anthropology that originated in Western academic fields at the end of the nineteenth century. The English word ‘Ethnography’ is derived from two Greek words 'Ethnos' and 'graphein'. 'Ethnos' means race, ethnic group or people. 'Graphein' means ‘writing’ or ‘drawing’. Therefore, writing about a particular ethnic group or people can be called ethnography. The ethnographic knowledge of the author is the reason behind such messages that appear in the literature. Ethnographic information about a particular race in literature contributes to the character creation and background of that literature. Ethnography is the study of a particular group of people or a particular community. There are many new kinds of literature in the Tamil community that records the traditions of the particular society along with their feelings. Ku. Chinnappa Bharathi's novel 'Sangam' has portrayed the Kolli hill community from an ethnographic perspective. If the land is life for the tiller or the mountain dwellers the mountain; they live in the same place. The land and the land people or the mountain and mountain people cannot be separated. The writer who wants to record the life of the people can only record the life of the people according to the place. The basic elements of ethnography such as the writer's personal experience, field experience, and book knowledge have been combined to create a new association that tells the life of the people. The Tamil novel “Sangam” delineates the people of the Kolli Hills. The author portrays the life of the people of Kolli Hills through the life of Savichadayan, son of Savithiruman. Sadayan’s fear of the two policemen, the way of life of the people, geography, environment, climate, residential system, family structure, social structure, marriage system, housing system, life rituals, dowry, economy, industry, production, consumption, distribution, exchange, political system, social control, traditional laws, religious beliefs, worship, festivals, games, aesthetic thoughts are portrayed in the novel. Hence, the novel 'Sangam' is an ethnographic repository that includes the entire life of the people of Kolli Hills and the article examines this from an ethnographic perspective
Comparative Genomic Analysis of Human Fungal Pathogens Causing Paracoccidioidomycosis
No full textParacoccidioides is a fungal pathogen and the cause of paracoccidioidomycosis, a health-threatening human systemic mycosis endemic to Latin America. Infection by Paracoccidioides, a dimorphic fungus in the order Onygenales, is coupled with a thermally regulated transition from a soil-dwelling filamentous form to a yeast-like pathogenic form. To better understand the genetic basis of growth and pathogenicity in Paracoccidioides, we sequenced the genomes of two strains of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb03 and Pb18) and one strain of Paracoccidioides lutzii (Pb01). These genomes range in size from 29.1 Mb to 32.9 Mb and encode 7,610 to 8,130 genes. To enable genetic studies, we mapped 94% of the P. brasiliensis Pb18 assembly onto five chromosomes. We characterized gene family content across Onygenales and related fungi, and within Paracoccidioides we found expansions of the fungal-specific kinase family FunK1. Additionally, the Onygenales have lost many genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and fewer genes involved in protein metabolism, resulting in a higher ratio of proteases to carbohydrate active enzymes in the Onygenales than their relatives. To determine if gene content correlated with growth on different substrates, we screened the non-pathogenic onygenale Uncinocarpus reesii, which has orthologs for 91% of Paracoccidioides metabolic genes, for growth on 190 carbon sources. U. reesii showed growth on a limited range of carbohydrates, primarily basic plant sugars and cell wall components; this suggests that Onygenales, including dimorphic fungi, can degrade cellulosic plant material in the soil. In addition, U. reesii grew on gelatin and a wide range of dipeptides and amino acids, indicating a preference for proteinaceous growth substrates over carbohydrates, which may enable these fungi to also degrade animal biomass. These capabilities for degrading plant and animal substrates suggest a duality in lifestyle that could enable pathogenic species of Onygenales to transfer from soil to animal hosts.National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.)National Institutes of Health. Department of Health and Human Services (contract HHSN266200400001C)National Institutes of Health. Department of Health and Human Services(contract HHSN2722009000018C)Brazil. National Council for Scientific and Technological Developmen
Proceedings of the Symposium on Solar Science and Technology : 25 November - 4 December 1980, Bangkok, Thailand
No full textOrganized jointly by the UNESCAP and Regional Centre for Technology TransferThis publication provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements and discussions in solar science and technology. The primary objectives are to provide an exchange of
scientific and technological knowledge concerning solar energy; to introduce programmes
related to solar energy in university and college curricula; to promote the transfer of
technology related to solar energy; and to encourage the incorporation of solar energy
programmes into national energy policies and plans throughout the Asian and Pacific
region.TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERThe Symposium on Solar Science and Technology was sponsored by the:
— United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
— Regional Centre for Technology Transfer
— United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
— United Nations Industrial Development Organization
— Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
— World Intellectual Property Organization
— International Labour Organisation
— United Nations Environment Programme
— International Solar Energy Society
— Asian Institute of Technology
With the financial assistance of the United Nations Interim Fund for Science and Technology for Development and hosted by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Energy, Royal Thai Government.FOREWORD........................................................................................................... (v)
PREFACE ........................................................................................................... (vii)
I. INVITED PAPERS
Strategies of solar energy development and uses in developing
countries ............................................................................................ 1
R.L. Datta
Developments in solar cooling: a review......................................... 23
J.C.V. Chinnappa
Prospects and problems of the solar energy industry in Thailand . 55
Richard J. Frankel, Taweesin Kumpengsath and Manit
Thongprasert
II. RESEARCH PAPERS
Performance evaluation of inexpensive tubular solar collectors
for air heating applications ............................................................. 73
V.K. Jindal and K.C. Roy (AIT)
Performance of the AIT solar rice dryer during the wet season . . 91
Sompong Boonthumjinda (AIT)
Experiments on a solar-powered intermittent absorption
refrigerator......................................................................................... 113
R.H.B. Exell and Sommai Kornsakoo (AIT)
A simplified non-linear model leading to a full-range valid calibra tion test of thermal solar collectors through simple experimental
procedure............................................................................................ 127
G.Y. Saunier (AIT)
A solar power plant for remote rural consumers: design and
evaluation of experimental plant...................................................... 150
W. Brazier, N.R. Sheridan and M. Darveniza (Australia)
Renewable energy sources and the development of rural com munities: some practical examples................................................... 159
M. Clemot (France)
Self-service in technology transfer................................................... 165
A.G. Bathelt (Federal Republic of Germany)
Optimum collector slope for a subtropical country....................... 179
C.T. Leung (Hong Kong)
Electrochemical solar cell with thin film n-CdSe photoanode . . . 194
T.K. Bandyopadhyay, M.N. Mazumdar and S.R. Chaudhuri
(India)
Materials for solar energy utilization - Improvement in solar
still efficiency .................................................................................... 201
Girish Ch. Pandey (India)
Emittance measurements on copper films used as base layers in
solar absorbers .................................................................................. 213
D. Prem Kumar, S. Mohan, M. Ramakrishna Rao and K.I.
Vasu (India)
System design for tobacco curing by utilization of solar enrgy . . . 223
K. Balagopal, C.R.K. Murthy, M. Ramakrishna Rao and
A. Thomas (India)
Solar energy system for continuous processes ............................... 240
S.C. Bose (India)
Low-cost solar cell manufacturing technology............................... 254
R. Van Overstraeten (Belgium) and R.K. Jain (India)
Performance prediction of a thermal trap solar energy collector . 270
H.P. Garg, N.K. Bansal and Sant Ram (India)
Studies on low-temperature salt-hydrate for thermal storage
applications ....................................................................................... 282
H.P. Garg and M. Nasim (India)
Thermal performance studies on solar air heaters for space
heating and crop drying .................................................................. 295
H.P. Garg, B. Bandyopadhyay, R.B. Mahajan and V.K. Sharma
(India)
Solar photovoltaic generation and storage for some rural
applications ....................................................................................... 306
P. Basu, K. Mukhopadhyay and H. Saha (India)
Solar photovoltaic energy sources: a viable alternative for rural
development in India ....................................................................... 315
B.M.S Bist (India)
Low-cost solar water heater............................................................. 320
N.M. Nahar and K.S. Malhotra (India)
BHEL’s solar energy research and development programme .... 324
T.V. Balakrishnan and R.K. Suri (India)
Criteria for commercial development of flat plate collector for
developing countries.......................................................................... 338
R. Nagaraja (India)
Correlation of diffuse solar radiation distribution with climate
characteristics in Indonesia ............................................................. 358
Parangtopo, A. Harsono and Poesposutjipto (Indonesia)
A computational model for solar radiation patterns in Iran .... 378
Reza Hashemian, Esfandiar Afshari (Iran)
Solar energy studies at the Faculty of Engineering, University of
Malaya................................................................................................. 389
K.S. Ong (Malaysia)
Some applications using a parabolic solar concentrating system 399
N.J. Monerasinghe (Malaysia)
Development and commercialization of solar water heaters .... 423
G.R. Shakya and Andreas Bachmann (Nepal)
Solar corn dryer ............................................................................... 434
I.H. Shah and Ahmad Murtaza (Pakistan)
Solar energy utilization and management ...................................... 452
L.G. Tansinsin (Philippines)
An analysis of solar ponds for collection and storage of solar
energy ................................................................................................. 466
M.N.A Hawlader (Singapore)
Relationships between solar radiation and some meteorological
data of Thailand ............................................................................... 481
K. Kirtikara and T. Siriprayuk (Thailand)
Development of solar autoclave in Thailand ................................. 485
T. Kiatsiriroat, M. Mungkornkarn and S. Assawawiroonhakarn
(Thailand)
A preliminary study on rural energy consumption ....................... 492
Surapong Chirarattananon (Thailand)
Is photovoltaic solar cell technology suitable for Thailand.......... 499
Somsak Panyakeow, Manoon Aramrattana, Montri Sawadsa ringkarn, Bunyong Toprasertpong and Pierre Bernoux
(Thailand)
Effect of heat capacity on flat-plate solar energy collector
performance ....................................................................................... 506
Donald L. Spencer (U.S.A.)
Research and development on alternative sources of energy in
Viet Nam ............................................................................................ 518
Van Vi Tran (Viet Nam)
Stability of aluminium reflective coating of solar collectors under
the action of environmental factors................................................... 537
Nguyen cong Van and Tran quoc Giam (Viet Nam
Comparative genomic characterization of Francisella tularensis strains belonging to low and high virulence subspecies
No full textCopyright © 2009 Champion et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Tularemia is a geographically widespread, severely debilitating, and occasionally lethal disease in humans. It is caused by infection by a gram-negative bacterium, Francisella tularensis. In order to better understand its potency as an etiological agent as well as its potential as a biological weapon, we have completed draft assemblies and report the first complete genomic characterization of five strains belonging to the following different Francisella subspecies (subsp.): the F. tularensis subsp. tularensis FSC033, F. tularensis subsp. holarctica FSC257 and FSC022, and F. tularensis subsp. novicida GA99-3548 and GA99-3549 strains. Here, we report the sequencing of these strains and comparative genomic analysis with recently available public Francisella sequences, including the rare F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica FSC147 strain isolate from the Central Asian Region. We report evidence for the occurrence of large-scale rearrangement events in strains of the holarctica subspecies, supporting previous proposals that further phylogenetic subdivisions of the Type B clade are likely. We also find a significant enrichment of disrupted or absent ORFs proximal to predicted breakpoints in the FSC022 strain, including a genetic component of the Type I restriction-modification defense system. Many of the pseudogenes identified are also disrupted in the closely related rarely human pathogenic F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica FSC147 strain, including modulator of drug activity B (mdaB) (FTT0961), which encodes a known NADPH quinone reductase involved in oxidative stress resistance. We have also identified genes exhibiting sequence similarity to effectors of the Type III (T3SS) and components of the Type IV secretion systems (T4SS). One of the genes, msrA2 (FTT1797c), is disrupted in F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica and has recently been shown to mediate bacterial pathogen survival in host organisms. Our findings suggest that in addition to the duplication of the Francisella Pathogenicity Island, and acquisition of individual loci, adaptation by gene loss in the more recently emerged tularensis, holarctica, and mediasiatica subspecies occurred and was distinct from evolutionary events that differentiated these subspecies, and the novicida subspecies, from a common ancestor. Our findings are applicable to future studies focused on variations in Francisella subspecies pathogenesis, and of broader interest to studies of genomic pathoadaptation in bacteria
Molecular systematics of 'Rhododendron ponticum' L. and its close allies
No full textRhododendron ponticum, introduced to the British Isles in 1763, has
become a noxious invasive pest species, particularly in the west.
Material of R. ponticum and its close allies in subsection Pontica were
subjected to chloroplast DNA RFLP analysis. A preliminary phylogeny based
on all cpDNA variation detected is presented. Suggestions regarding the
interrelationships of these species are made, and a cpDNA-type of unknown
taxonomic identity is tentatively identified.
Chloroplast DNA differences were detected between native material of
R. ponticum from Turkey, Spain and Portugal. Based on these differences, it
was determined that approximately 90% of material naturalised in the British
Isles originates from Spain and 10% from Portugal. These two types of
material occur in roughly the same proportion throughout the British Isles.
About 10% of naturalised accessions were found to contain an rDNA
marker indicating nuclear introgression from R. catawbiense. Introgressed
individuals are shown to be most common in the coldest region of the British
Isles surveyed, i.e. E. Scotland, and it is suggested that introgression from R.
catawbiense may confer increased frost tolerance to R. ponticum. The
occurrence of the rDNA marker was not correlated with that of morphological
markers indicating introgression. Correlations were found between
morphological characteristics, which may result from introgression from
cultivated species, such as R. maximum. Molecular evidence for the
involvement of R. maximum in the ancestry of British R. ponticum was
found in two accessions which resembled R. maximum. in certain
morphological characteristics. It was established that another unidentified
species was involved in the parentage of naturalised material.
Five natural hybrid combinations amongst Turkish Rhododendron
species were detected using morphological, cpDNA and nuclear rDNA
markers. These were R. ponticum x R. ungernii, with introgression in both
directions; R. ponticum x R. smirnovii; R. smirnovii x R. ungernii with
introgression at least towards R. ungernii; R. smirnovii x R. caucasicum; and
R. ponticum x R. caucasicum. The unusual characteristics of the last
combination are discussed in some detail
Study of Leopard Menace, Food Habits and Habitat Parameters in Mandi District, Himachal Pradesh
No full textNot availabl
