1,720,979 research outputs found
Fizioterapija u rehabilitaciji osoba oboljelih od Parkinsonove bolesti
No full textParkinsonova bolest jedna je od vrlo čestih neurodegenerativnih bolesti koja obično
zahvada populaciju ljudi s prosjekom od 60 godina. Muškarci obolijevaju neznatno češde od
žena. Bolest se javlja širom svijeta bez rasne ili religijske različitosti. Simptomi poput
bradikineze, tremora, rigidnosti i posturalne nestabilnosti uzrokuju poteškode pri izvođenju
aktivnosti svakodnevnog života. Kod nekih bolesnika bolest dulje vrijeme ne utječe na
sposobnost obavljanja aktivnosti svakodnevnog života.
Etiologija bolesti još uvijek nije poznata, ali se pretpostavlja da je uzrok kombinacija
genetskih i okolišnih čimbenika povezanih sa propadanjem dopaminergičkih neurona u crnoj
tvari (supstantia nigra).
Za dijagnosticiranje Parkinsonove bolesti potrebno je uzeti temeljitu anamnezu,
napraviti detaljan neurološki i opdi status, napraviti test levodopom koji ako je pozitivan služi
za potvrdu dijagnoze, te PET (pozitronsku emisijsku tomografiju).
Fizioterapijom se teško može djelovati na bradikineziju, rigor i tremor jer su oni
posljedica procesa bolesti, te se na njih može djelovati samo lijekovima. Segmenti na koje se
može djelovati fizioterapijom su poboljšanje aktivnosti svakodnevnog života, hod, balans,
postura, transferi. Cilj fizioterapije je pojavnost komplikacija dovesti do minimuma, a
samostalno funkcioniranje bolesnika dovesti do maksimuma. Bolesnicima je iznimno važna
podrška obitelji i njihova pomod zbog neugode radi ovisnosti o drugima i osjedaja nemodi,
demencije i depresije. Dobra fizioterapijska procjena i intervencija moraju biti kvalitetne,
sveobuhvatne i svrsishodne kako bi doprinjeli boljitku pacijenta. Mjerenjima i testovima kao
što su Hoehn i Yahr skala, Barthelov indeks, Bergova skala ravnoteže, Ashwortova skala,
funkcionalna mjera neovisnosti evaluiramo stanje bolesnika te pratimo njegov napredak.
Najvažniji oblik fizioterapijske intervencije je terapijska vježba koja uključuje aktivnosti koje
omogudavaju bolesniku da održava i unaprjeđuje razinu izvedbe u svakodnevnim
aktivnostima. Redovitim i pravilnim izvođenjem vježbi bolesniku se poboljšava opde stanje i
život mu postaje kvalitetniji, a tijek bolesti se usporava. Osim terapijskih vježbi za
unaprjeđenje koordinacije i balansa, proprioceptivnog treninga i hidroterapije odličan
alternativni oblik vježbi su ples i Tai Chi
Impact of trigeminal nerve disorders on different types of headache
Get PDFGlavobolja je vrlo česta bolest modernog društva koja dovodi do ozbiljnog smanjenja općih i radnih životnih aktivnosti u pacijenata za vrijeme njenog trajanja sa značajnim utjecajem na kvalitetu života, ali i velikih ekonomskih izdvajanja za njeno liječenje. Iako postoje mnoga istraživanja vezana uz patofiziologiju pojedinih vrsta glavobolja, ostalo je još mnogo nepoznanica. Refleks treptaja je objektivna neurofiziološka metoda za utvrđivanje statusa trigeminalnog sustava, facijalnog živca i lateralnog dijela produžene moždine. Ispitivanja refleksa treptaja u pacijenata s migrenom i kontrolne skupine bez migrene pokazala su dvojbene rezultate.
Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se pomoću funkcijskih elektrofizioloških i radioloških metoda prikaza pokuša dokazati povezanost disfunkcije trigeminalnog živca u različitim vrstama glavobolja. Elektrofiziološkom metodom analize refleksa treptaja (blink refleks) provest će se analiza funkcije trigeminalnog živca u pacijenata s glavoboljom. Postojanje trigeminalnog poremećaja ukazivalo bi na još jedan mogući put za ciljano terapijsko djelovanje u pacijenata s glavoboljom s posljedičnim poboljšanjem njihove kvalitete života. Postavlja se hipoteza da je analizom refleksa treptaja u pacijenata s glavoboljom moguće ustanoviti
postojanje disfunkcije trigeminalnog živca.
Ispitanici i metode: Glavnu skupinu čine pacijenati s glavoboljom kojima je upitnikom o glavobolji potvrđeno postojanje glavobolje. Kontrolnu skupinu čine pacijenti koji nemaju glavobolju i liječe se zbog bolova u kralješnici. Glavna tj. skupina pacijenata s glavoboljom i kontrolna skupina usklađene su po dobi.
Rezultati: Istraživanja jasno ukazuju da je patološki nalaz refleksa treptaja utvrđen u 58,3 % pacijenata s glavoboljama, dok je u kontrolnoj skupini osoba bez glavobolje nađen u svega 20 % slučajeva. Izračunavanjem Yatesovog korigiranog χ2 testa utvrđeno da postoji značajna povezanost nalaza patološkog refleksa treptaja i pojave glavobolje (χ2 = 10,354; P = 0,001). Osobe s glavoboljama imaju uredan refleks treptaja u 41,7 %, a osobe kontrolne skupine imaju ga u 80 % slučajeva. Izračunavanje relativnog rizika za pojavu glavobolje pokazalo je da osobe s patološkim nalazom refleksa treptaja imaju 5 do 6 puta veći rizik za pojavu glavobolje od osoba s normalnim nalazom refleksa treptaja. Glavobolje u osoba s patološkim nalazom refleksa treptaja visoko su zastupljene (u 58 % slučajeva). U kontrolnoj skupini normalan nalaz refleksa treptaja dolazi u 80 % slučajeva. Istraživanje je pokazalo da se zaključci doneseni na temelju statističkih testova podudaraju, neovisno o spolu.
Zaključak: Postoji jaka povezanost između nalaza patološkog refleksa treptaja i pojavnosti glavobolje, neovisno o dobi i spolu pacijenata, što ukazuje da postoji statistički značajna povezanost između pojavnosti glavobolja i poremećaja funkcije trigeminalnog živca.Headaches are one of the most common ailments in modern society, leading to severe diminishing of patients’ general and work activities during an attack and resulting in a significant impact on the quality of life, as well as causing substantial economic costs for their treatment. Despite numerous research projects on the pathophysiology of specific types of
headaches, it still remains insufficiently understood. Blink reflex is an objective neurophysiologic method for determining the status of the trigeminal system, facial nerve and the lateral part of medulla oblongata. Blink reflex tests on patients suffering from migraines and control group consisting of persons not suffering from migraines have shown dubious results.
The objective of the research is to try and prove the correlation between trigeminal nerve dysfunction and its causes in various types of headaches by applying functional electrophysiological and radiological methods of display, and to analyse trigeminal nerve functions using blink reflex tests in patients suffering from headaches. The presence of trigeminal nerve dysfunction would point to another potential path for targeted therapies in patients suffering from headaches, resulting in improvements in their quality of life. It is our hypothesis that it is possible to determine trigeminal nerve dysfunction by analysing the blink reflex in patients suffering from headaches.
Subjects and methods: The main group consists of subjects in which the occurrence of headache attacks has been determined by a survey. The control group consists of subjects who are free from headaches, but experience pain in cervical and lumbar spine. The main and control groups have been age adjusted.
Results: The research clearly shows that pathological findings of blink reflex are found in 58.3 % of patients suffering from headaches and in only 20 % of cases in the control group of headache-free patients. The application of Yates Correction χ2 indicates a significant correlation between the pathological blink reflex and headache occurrence (χ2 = 10.354; P = 0.001). Normal blink reflex was found in 41.7 % of patients suffering from headaches and in 80 % of control group subjects. The calculation of the relative risk of headaches shows that subjects with a pathological blink reflex have 5.6 times higher risk of developing headaches than persons with a normal blink reflex. Headaches occur quite often in persons with a pathological blink reflex (in 58 % of cases), while normal blink reflex findings occur in 80 % of cases in the control group. The research shows that conclusions reached on the basis of statistical tests coincide regardless of sex.
Conclusion: There is a strong correlation between the pathological blink reflex and the occurrence of headaches, regardless of age and sex of patients, indicating statistically significant correlation between the occurrence of headaches and trigeminal nerve dysfunction
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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