1,721,356 research outputs found
Automatic and Machine Learning Methods for Detection and Characterization of REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
No full textRapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of physiological muscle atonia during REM sleep (i.e., REM sleep without atonia - RWA), resulting in the manifestation of dream-related motor behaviors and vocalizations. RWA is the crucial diagnostic criterion for the diagnosis of RBD in polysomnographic (PSG) recordings. In its isolated phenotype (iRBD), which occurs in the absence of accompanying neurological symptoms or signs, RBD represents a precursor to overt alpha-synucleinopathies (i.e., Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and Multiple System Atrophy), with a conversion rate of up to 73.5% over 12 years. The international guidelines for assessing RWA encompass visual scoring of polysomnography data, often entailing protracted manual labor. To overcome the limitations of manual RWA quantification, rule-based algorithms have been proposed, though most of them are threshold-based and still require visual PSG inspection. These methods, however, do not tackle the problem of directly identifying patients with RBD. Machine and deep learning models have recently emerged as tools for the automatic detection of RBD, by leveraging various polysomnographic biosignals, as well as other modalities including actigraphy and imaging techniques. These methods facilitate the identification of patients with RBD and further extend their potential to the prediction of the progression from iRBD to overt alpha-synucleinopathies. This chapter provides an exhaustive overview of these models and applications and presents future possibilities and implications for AI in the diagnosis and characterization of RBD
Societal and global implications of the “dementia epidemic”: the example of the London Heathrow airport
No full textNot applicabl
Geriatric syndromes: How to treat
Full text linkThe survival of HIV-infected persons has been increasing over the last years, thanks to the implementation of more effective pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Nevertheless, HIV-infected persons are often “biologically” older than their “chronological” age due to multiple clinical, social, and behavioral conditions of risk. The detection in this population of specific biological features and syndromic conditions typical of advanced age has made the HIV infection an interesting research model of accelerated and accentuated aging. Given such commonalities, it is possible that “biologically aged” HIV-positive persons might benefit from models of adapted and integrated care developed over the years by geriatricians for the management of their frail and complex patients. In this article, possible strategies to face the increasingly prevalent geriatric syndromes in HIV-infected persons are discussed. In particular, it is explained the importance of shifting from the traditional disease-oriented approach into models of care facilitating a multidisciplinary management of frailty
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Sarcopenia and swallowing disorders in older people
No full textAging is accompanied by several changes which may affect swallowing function. The beginning of these changes, termed presbyphagia, still captures a preserved swallowing function, although burdened by the consequences of the physiological aging process. Several stressors (including diseases and medications) can easily trigger the disruption of this (increasingly weak) equilibrium and lead to overt dysphagia. It is noteworthy that the swallowing dysfunction may be aggravated by the sarcopenic process, characterizing the so-called "sarcopenic dysphagia", potentially responsible for several health-related negative outcomes. The assessment and management of sarcopenic dysphagia largely rely on the evaluation and integrated treatment of both constituting conditions (i.e., sarcopenia and dysphagia). The management of dysphagia requires a multidimensional approach and can be designed as either compensatory (aimed at producing immediate benefit for the patient through postural adjustments, swallowing maneuvers, and diet modifications) or rehabilitative. Interestingly, some evidence suggests that resistance training traditionally applied to tackle the lower extremity in sarcopenia may be simultaneously beneficial for sarcopenic dysphagia. If these preliminary results (discussed in the present review article) will be confirmed, the systemic beneficial effects of physical exercise will be indirectly demonstrated. This will also support the need of promoting healthy lifestyle in all sarcopenic individuals (thus potentially at risk of dysphagia)
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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