1,720,968 research outputs found
What future for litigation on climate change adaptation? The potential of a human rights approach
Full text linkClimate change litigation is rising on a global scale. In most cases, especially the high-profile or ‘strategic’ ones, litigants are focusing on mitigation, i.e., reducing sources or enhancing sinks of greenhouse gases, rather than on adaptation. In this context, the present contribution aims to investigate how and to what extent litigation on climate change adaptation can progress in the future. Adaptation obligations are less developed than those on mitigation, and this may explain, at least in part, why litigation on adaptation is less advanced. However, the contribution points out that human rights arguments can complement the paucity of binding obligations on climate change adaptation and serve as a basis for adaptation cases. To this end, the chapter surveys the extant rights-based cases aimed to advance adaptation action, distinguishing between cases brought before domestic courts and complaints filed with international judicial or quasi-judicial bodies. The chapter discusses these cases and concludes with some reflections on the future of litigation on climate change adaptation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Legal Status of NGOs in Environmental Non-compliance Procedures: An Assessment of Law and Practice
No full textLa nozione di «Paese di origine sicuro» e il suo impatto sulle garanzie per i richiedenti protezione internazionale in Italia
No full textThe present article examines the policy and legal issues arising from the introduction of the notion of “safe country of origin” in the examination of applications for international protection in the Italian legal system. After clarifying the criteria for the future designation in the list of safe countries and the actual scope of the “presumption of protection”, it reviews the relevant provisions against the background of secondary EU legislation, the protection of fundamental rights under the EU Charter, and the international obligations flowing from the European Convention on Human Rights. The article highlights several critical issues of implementation (including the possibility of partial designation, the lack of reasons in the rejection decisions by administrative authorities, the short delays and time-frames of the accelerated procedure, the applicability of the notion to unaccompanied minors, and the weak guarantees of suspension pending a judicial appeal). It concludes with some critical remarks about the capacity of the notion of “safe country of origin” to contribute to the “efficiency” of the asylum procedure without severely limiting in practice the protection of fundamental guarantees in a framework of containment policies on migration
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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