1,720,956 research outputs found
Feasibility, safety and outcome of inguinal hernia repair under spinal versus general anesthesia in preterm and term infants
Full text linkBackground: Inguinal hernia repair (IHR) is a common operation in preterm and term infants. Recently, spinal anesthesia (SA) has been proposed as an alternative to avoid exposure to general anesthesia (GA) during early life. The aim of this study was to compare surgical outcomes of open IHR performed under SA versus GA in neonates and infants, and to detect criteria to predict the success or failure of SA. Materials and methods: This is a 6-year, single center, nonrandomized interventional study (2013–2019). SA was performed with 0.5% bupivacaine. GA was given using propofol, fentanyl, sevoflurane, and laryngeal mask. Patient demographics, operative time, intraoperative events related to surgery or anesthesia, and complications were analyzed at short and long-term follow-up. Results: 68 infants (78 IHR) and 37 infants (44 IHR) received SA and GA at the discretion of the anesthesiologist, respectively. SA failure rate was 9%, and positively correlated with weight at surgery (p = 0.001; rp = 0.38). Conversion from SA to GA occurred in 4 (6%) patients owing to prolonged operative time (43.75 ± 4.8 vs 23.02 ± 11.3 min; p = 0.0006). There were no differences regarding operative time and intra- and postoperative complications among the two groups at mean follow-up of 18.53 ± 21.9 months. Conclusions: This pilot study confirms that SA is safe, effective and not detrimental to surgical outcome of neonates and infants undergoing IHR. Additionally, it may help further define what patients may have a successful SA. Our experience suggests that SA is especially suitable in infants weighing < 4000 g, and conversion to GA correlates with prolonged operative time. Level of evidence: Level II
Use of Meckel's diverticulum as a temporary diverting ostomy
No full textMeckel's diverticulum is among the most common congenital defects of the gastrointestinal tract, and is associated with a total lifetime risk of complications around 4%. While debate on prophylactic resection of incidental Meckel's diverticulum continues, there have been reports of its successful use for urinary diversion and reconstruction. In contrast, its use as a means of fecal diversion has been described anecdotally. Herein, we describe our technique of temporary fecal diversion using Meckel's diverticulum as reliable conduit for stoma formation in a toddler. The stoma functioned well until continuity of bowel was restored and diverticulum resected safely. We trust that our limited experience will encourage other colleagues to test the inventive use of Meckel's diverticulum as a potentially safe and effective option to fit in the surgical armamentarium for temporary fecal diversion. KEY WORDS: Anastomotic leak, Fecal diversion, Ileostomy, Meckel's diverticulum, Stoma
Volume and function of the operated kidney after nephron-sparing surgery for unilateral renal tumor
No full textWe sought to assess the magnitude of functional decline and the natural history of the operated kidney residual function after zero-ischemia nephron-sparing surgery (Z-NSS) in children with unilateral renal tumor (URT)
Fire in the Operating Room During Hypospadias Repair
Full text linkFire in the operating room (OR) is a very distressful and shocking occurrence with potential dramatic consequences. Despite safety rules and rigorous recommendations, such unintentional events do occur every so often. Notably, the vast majority of cases have been reported in the adult population, with very few pediatric cases described to date. Herein, we report on a 16-month-old boy undergoing reconstructive surgery for penoscrotal hypospadias, who experienced an OR fire most likely related to the use of alcohol-based solution ignited by monopolar electrocautery
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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