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Control del estado rector del puerto en la Cuenca del Plata : una herramienta para la gestión sostenible de la seguridad de la navegación y la reducción de vulnerabilidades ambientales
No full textFil: Cerrone, Facundo. Prefectura Marítima; Argentina.Esta tesis ha sido motivada por la preocupación que surge acerca del grado de cumplimiento de la normativa que regula la navegación internacional y sus repercusiones en la sustentabilidad en la Cuenca del Plata y el ambiente en general.
El Estado Rector del Puerto es la inspección por parte de la administración del estado nacional del puerto a los buques extranjeros que hagan escala en sus aguas jurisdiccionales, con el fin de verificar que las condiciones del buque y de su equipamiento cumplen con los requerimientos exigidos por la normativa marítima internacional, y que además, se encuentran tripulados y operados en cumplimiento con dichas regulaciones.
En este tipo de inspecciones se verifica que el buque cuenta con los certificados internacionales vigentes y que cumple con la normativa marítima internacional en materia de seguridad y protección marítima, y la protección del medio ambiente marino.
Asimismo, también se comprueba que la tripulación tiene los conocimientos y aptitudes necesarios para desempeñar sus obligaciones a bordo y que, además, dispone de condiciones de vida y trabajo adecuadas según los estándares internacionales.
La adaptación e implementación de la normativa internacional al ámbito jurisdiccional argentino está suponiendo un reto para todo el sector naviero, es por ello que en el presente trabajo uno de los temas más importantes a tratar será el grado de cumplimiento de la normativa emanada de la Organización Marítima Internacional (OMI) y la necesidad de su implementación.
En primer lugar, se podría considerar que el responsable del cumplimiento de las regulaciones internacionales es el propio armador u operador del buque. Por su parte, la normativa internacional establece que es el Estado de Pabellón del buque, estado de bandera, es el que tiene la obligación de asegurarse de que los buques bajo su pabellón o registro cumplan las regulaciones internacionales convenidas en materia de seguridad y prevención de la contaminación. Están obligados a tomar las medidas necesarias para que así sea e impedir que los buques puedan navegar hasta que no garanticen la seguridad propia de la embarcación y la del ambiente. Dichas obligaciones de los estados de bandera están establecidas en el artículo 217 de la Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar (CDM, o también CONVEMAR o CNUDM), la cual fue adoptada en 1982 por las Naciones Unidas.
La República Argentina es parte del Acuerdo Latinoamericano sobre el Control de Buques por el Estado Rector del Puerto (Acuerdo de Viña del Mar), el cual fue adoptado el 5 de noviembre de 1992, mediante Resolución de la Red Operativa de Cooperación Regional de Autoridades Marítimas de las Américas (ROCRAM) N° 5 (VI) y suscripto por 10 Autoridades Marítimas de las Américas, realizándose de esta manera un paso trascendental al constituirse en la primera región emergente en lograr este tipo de acuerdo marco de índole operativo. Además de la ROCRAM, también estuvo representada desde un principio la OMI. El Acuerdo inició sus actividades el 1 de enero de 1993.
Dicho acuerdo subraya la necesidad de incrementar la seguridad marítima y la protección del medio marino como así también las condiciones laborales y de vida a bordo de los buques, teniendo en cuenta que la aplicación efectiva recae en los estados de pabellón, pero justificando que los estados del puerto deben tomar las medidas para prevenir la operación de buques subestándar.
A través de la presente investigación se analiza el grado de cumplimiento de la normativa internacional por parte de los buques de terceras banderas que arriban a la Cuenca del Plata.
Asimismo, se busca describir cómo los Convenios OMI se han implementado en los cinco países que integran la hidrovía; qué otras medidas en cuestión de sustentabilidad, conservación y reducción de la contaminación han sido aplicadas por las autoridades marítimas de los referidos países y cuál es el papel de cada una de ellas para una implementación más efectiva en materia del Control por el Estado Rector del Puerto.
Es menester para la interpretación del presente trabajo la comprensión de determinados conceptos fundamentales, como, por ejemplo, el de Buque y sus diferentes características constructivas (buque tanque, carga general, quimiquero, etc.), Convoy, Barcaza, Principio del Trato no más Favorable, Acción Antropógena.
Las consideraciones ambientales y de seguridad incluidas en la normativa internacional son loables y merecen especial atención, toda vez que los buques de bandera argentina y de terceras banderas, realizan la mayor parte de su actividad navegatoria por aguas de jurisdicción argentina, representando un problema en relación con la seguridad de la navegación y la sustentabilidad del ambiente en general.This thesis is motivated by a concern about the degree of compliance with the regulations governing international shipping and their impact on sustainability in the River Plate Basin and the environment in general.
Port State Control is the authority of a national port state administration to inspect foreign ships calling at its jurisdictional waters, in order to verify that the conditions of the ship and its equipment comply with the requirements of international maritime regulations, and also that they are manned and operated in compliance with these regulations.
This type of inspections verifies that the ship has valid international certificates and also that it complies with international maritime regulations in force on maritime safety and security, and on protection of the marine environment.
It also verifies that the crew has the necessary knowledge and skills to perform their duties on board and that they have adequate living and working conditions in accordance with international standards.
The adaptation and implementation of international regulations to the Argentinean jurisdictional scope is a challenge for the entire shipping sector, which is why in this paper one of the most important issues to be addressed will be the degree of compliance with the regulations issued by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the need for their implementation.
In the first place, it could be considered that the shipowner or operator of the ship is responsible for compliance with international regulations. For its part, international law establishes that it is the ship's flag state that has the obligation to ensure that ships under its flag or registry comply with agreed international safety, security and pollution prevention regulations. They are obliged to take the necessary measures to do so and to prevent ships from sailing until the safety of the ship itself and the environment is ensured. These obligations of flag states are laid down in Article 217 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which was adopted in 1982 by the United Nations.
The Argentine Republic is a party to the Latin American Agreement on Port State Control of Vessels (Viña del Mar Agreement), which was adopted on 5 November 1992, by Resolution N° 5 (VI) of the Operative Network of Regional Cooperation of Maritime Authorities of the Americas (ROCRAM) and signed by 10 Maritime Authorities of the Americas, thus making this a momentous step forward by becoming the first emerging region to achieve such a framework agreement of an operational nature. In addition to ROCRAM, IMO was also represented from the outset. The Agreement entered into force on 1 January 1993.
The agreement highlights the need to enhance maritime safety and security and the protection of the marine environment as well as the working and living conditions on board ships, taking into account that the effective implementation is the responsibility of flag states, but justifying that port states should take measures to prevent the operation of noncompliant ships.
This research analyses the degree of compliance with international regulations by third-flag vessels arriving in the River Plate Basin.
It is also destined to describe how the IMO Conventions have been implemented in the five countries that make up the Paraná-Paraguay Waterway; what other measures in terms of sustainability, conservation and pollution reduction have been applied by the maritime authorities of these countries and what is the role of each one of them for a more effective implementation in terms of Port State Control.
In order to interpret this work, it is necessary to understand certain fundamental concepts, such as the concept of Ship and its different construction characteristics (tanker, general cargo, chemical tanker, etc.), Convoy, Barge, No More Favorable Treatment Principle, Anthropogenic Action.
The environmental and safety aspects included in the international regulations are commendable and deserve special attention, since Argentine flag vessels and those of third flags carry out most of their navigational activity in waters under Argentine jurisdiction, which poses a problem in relation to the safety of navigation and the sustainability of the environment in general
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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