1,720,959 research outputs found
Structure spatio-temporelle des fortes précipitations: application à la région Cévennes-Vivarais
No full textThe thesis is devoted to the characterization of the space-time structure of heavy rainfall events in the Cévennes-Vivarais area (France). The region is prone to catastrophic storms whose magnitude governs social and economic consequences at different space and time scales. The magnitude of an event cannot be univocally related to a probability of occurrence. The determination of the occurrence probability of storms is problematic because of their extreme character, of their complex space-time development and of the lack of rainfall data at the spatial and temporal scales of interest. We propose to adopt scale-invariant approaches in order to estimate the heavy rainfall frequency assessment. These approaches allow to extrapolate the high resolution rainfall distribution based on low resolution rainfall intensity data. The model estimation being heavily dependent of the data accuracy, the first step consists in the characterization of the error committed in the point and spatial rainfall estimated by tipping-bucket raingage networks. We then explore the extreme rainfall behavior in the region, detecting the range where extremes are scale-invariant. In this range, we present a regional Intensity-Duration-Frequency model for point rainfall maxima taking into account the heterogeneity of extremes in the region. We demonstrate that the rainfall network does not allow to detect scale-invariant properties of extreme rainfall fields, and then we adopt a semi-empirical method based on the concept of " dynamic scaling " to build regional Intensity-Duration-Area-Frequency curves. Finally, we apply this model for the determination of the severity diagrams for three significant storms in the Cévennes-Vivarais region, with the aim to identify the critical space-time scales of each event. Based on severity diagrams, we then evaluate, for the same events, the performances of a mesoscale meteorological model.Ce travail de thèse concerne la caractérisation de la structure spatio-temporelle des fortes précipitations dans la région Cévennes-Vivarais. La région est soumise à des événements de pluie catastrophiques dont la magnitude gouverne les conséquences à différentes échelles de temps et d'espace. La détermination de la probabilité d'occurrence des orages est problématique à cause du caractère extrême des ces événements, de leur dimension spatio-temporelle et du manque de données pluviométriques aux échelles d'intérêt. Nous proposons d'adopter des approches d'invariance d'échelles afin d'estimer la fréquence d'occurrence de ces événements. Ces approches permettent d'extrapoler la distribution de la pluie à haute résolution à partir de données d'intensité pluvieuse à plus faible résolution. La paramétrisation de ces modèles étant fortement dépendante de l'incertitude de la mesure, nous avons d'abord caractérisé l'erreur commise dans la mesure de la pluie par un réseau de pluviomètres à augets. Nous avons ensuite exploré le comportement des pluies extrêmes dans la région d'étude, identifiant les gammes d'invariance d'échelles des extrêmes. Dans cette gamme d'échelles, nous présentons un modèle régional Intensité-Durée-Fréquence qui prend en considération l'hétérogénéité spatiale des extrêmes dans la région. Étant donné que le réseau pluviométrique ne permet pas de détecter les propriétés d'invariance d'échelle spatiale des champs de pluie, nous avons adopté une méthode semi-empirique pour modéliser des intensités de pluie intégrés sur des surfaces données (pluie surfacique) sur la base du concept de la mise en échelle dynamique (" dynamic scaling "). Cette modélisation permet la construction d'un modèle régional Intensité-Durée-Fréquence-Surface. Enfin, nous avons appliqué ce modèle à la construction des diagrammes de sévérité pour trois événements marquants en région Cévennes-Vivarais, afin d'identifier les échelles spatio-temporelles critiques pour chaque événement. Grâce aux diagrammes de sévérité, nous avons pu évaluer, pour ces mêmes événements, la performance d'un modèle météorologique de méso-échelle
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Space-time structure of heavy rainfall events : application to the Cevennes-Vivarais region
No full textCe travail de thèse concerne la caractérisation de la structure spatio-temporelle des fortes précipitations dans la région Cévennes-Vivarais. La région est soumise à des événements de pluie catastrophiques dont la magnitude gouverne les conséquences à différentes échelles de temps et d'espace. La détermination de la probabilité d'occurrence des orages est problématique à cause du caractère extrême des ces événements, de leur dimension spatio-temporelle et du manque de données pluviométriques aux échelles d'intérêt. Nous proposons d'adopter des approches d'invariance d'échelles afin d'estimer la fréquence d'occurrence de ces événements. Ces approches permettent d'extrapoler la distribution de la pluie à haute résolution à partir de données d'intensité pluvieuse à plus faible résolution. La paramétrisation de ces modèles étant fortement dépendante de l'incertitude de la mesure, nous avons d'abord caractérisé l'erreur commise dans la mesure de la pluie par un réseau de pluviomètres à augets. Nous avons ensuite exploré le comportement des pluies extrêmes dans la région d'étude, identifiant les gammes d'invariance d'échelles des extrêmes. Dans cette gamme d'échelles, nous présentons un modèle régional Intensité-Durée-Fréquence qui prend en considération l'hétérogénéité spatiale des extrêmes dans la région. Étant donné que le réseau pluviométrique ne permet pas de détecter les propriétés d'invariance d'échelle spatiale des champs de pluie, nous avons adopté une méthode semi-empirique pour modéliser des intensités de pluie intégrés sur des surfaces données (pluie surfacique) sur la base du concept de la mise en échelle dynamique (« dynamic scaling »). Cette modélisation permet la construction d'un modèle régional Intensité-Durée-Fréquence-Surface. Enfin, nous avons appliqué ce modèle à la construction des diagrammes de sévérité pour trois événements marquants en région Cévennes-Vivarais, afin d'identifier les échelles spatio-temporelles critiques pour chaque événement. Grâce aux diagrammes de sévérité, nous avons pu évaluer, pour ces mêmes événements, la performance d'un modèle météorologique de méso-échelle.The thesis is devoted to the characterization of the space-time structure of heavy rainfall events in the Cévennes-Vivarais area (France). The region is prone to catastrophic storms whose magnitude governs social and economic consequences at different space and time scales. The magnitude of an event cannot be univocally related to a probability of occurrence. The determination of the occurrence probability of storms is problematic because of their extreme character, of their complex space-time development and of the lack of rainfall data at the spatial and temporal scales of interest. We propose to adopt scale-invariant approaches in order to estimate the heavy rainfall frequency assessment. These approaches allow to extrapolate the high resolution rainfall distribution based on low resolution rainfall intensity data. The model estimation being heavily dependent of the data accuracy, the first step consists in the characterization of the error committed in the point and spatial rainfall estimated by tipping-bucket raingage networks. We then explore the extreme rainfall behavior in the region, detecting the range where extremes are scale-invariant. In this range, we present a regional Intensity-Duration-Frequency model for point rainfall maxima taking into account the heterogeneity of extremes in the region. We demonstrate that the rainfall network does not allow to detect scale-invariant properties of extreme rainfall fields, and then we adopt a semi-empirical method based on the concept of « dynamic scaling » to build regional Intensity-Duration-Area-Frequency curves. Finally, we apply this model for the determination of the severity diagrams for three significant storms in the Cévennes-Vivarais region, with the aim to identify the critical space-time scales of each event. Based on severity diagrams, we then evaluate, for the same events, the performances of a mesoscale meteorological model
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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