1,720,992 research outputs found
WILLIGNESS TO PAY TO PROTECT ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES: A CASE STUDY WITH USE AND NON USE VALUES IN CENTRAL CHILE
No full textThe purpose of this study is to estimate the willingness to pay of visitors to the Penuelas Lake National Reserve, central Chile, to protect environmental services provided by the area. Currently Penuelas is threatened by the mining industry and housing, activities that may affect the provision of environmental services. Thus, it is important for decision makers to demonstrate the economic value of the area. A stated preference technique, specifically a choice experiment (CE), was used to estimate willingness to pay. The CE was applied to a random sample of visitors to the area (n= 100). The evaluated services were: future water supply, existence of endemic orchids, possibility of observing charismatic species of birds, mammals and reptiles, and protection of an endemic amphibian. To estimate willingness to pay, a monetary attribute, in this case an increase in the entrance fee to the area, was also incorporated. Statistic significance (p<0.05) of the services show that visitors are willing to pay for protecting them. The estimated average willingness to pay varies between USD1.2 and 3.4 per person/visit to protect the specific services considered
Application of choice experiments to quantify the existence value of an endemic moss: a case study in Chile
No full textA choice experiment was applied to measure the existence value of an endemic moss. We assessed value separation, embedding or warm glow and 'ethical' motivations. We exemplify our application by valuing an inconspicuous moss endemic to Chile's sub-Antarctic region. The choice experiment was administered to a sample of local residents of Navarino Island (southern Chile). The design isolates the existence value by requiring respondents to make simultaneous tradeoffs between moss existence value, five other biodiversity-related values and income changes. Insensitivity to scope was addressed by using degrees of extinction risks. We predominantly use a willingness-to-accept design of the payment vehicle to avoid protest responses. A meaningful marginal value for the existence of an endemic species for Navarino island residents was documented. The design, based on varying degrees of extinction risk, avoided a strong effect of warm glow. No protest responses motivated by ethical concerns were encountered
Application of choice experiments to quantify the existence value of an endemic moss: a case study in Chile
No full textA choice experiment was applied to measure the existence value of an endemic moss. We assessed value separation, embedding or warm glow and 'ethical' motivations. We exemplify our application by valuing an inconspicuous moss endemic to Chile's sub-Antarctic region. The choice experiment was administered to a sample of local residents of Navarino Island (southern Chile). The design isolates the existence value by requiring respondents to make simultaneous tradeoffs between moss existence value, five other biodiversity-related values and income changes. Insensitivity to scope was addressed by using degrees of extinction risks. We predominantly use a willingness-to-accept design of the payment vehicle to avoid protest responses. A meaningful marginal value for the existence of an endemic species for Navarino island residents was documented. The design, based on varying degrees of extinction risk, avoided a strong effect of warm glow. No protest responses motivated by ethical concerns were encountered
Non-market economic valuation of the benefits provided by temperate ecosystems at the extreme south of the Americas
Full text linkArtículo de publicación ISIThe island of Navarino, Chile, located at the
extreme southern end of the Americas, is one of the few
regions in the world with undivided and only slightly
transformed temperate forests. Currently, fundamental
issues are being addressed, such as how local fuel wood
demands will be met without destroying primary forests
and how a sustainable tourism industry may be developed.
This study aims to inform these planning processes by
providing data on the economic valuation of several nonmarket
benefits provided by the temperate ecosystems of
Navarino Island that have relevance to the local population.
We focus this valuation on landscape esthetics, nature
access restrictions, esthetic and ethno-symbolic benefits at
the species level and the existence value of non-vascular
endemic species. A choice experiment was applied to a
sample of local residents (n = 230). Decisions about future
development strategies were influenced by landscape
esthetics being threatened by progressing levels of tourist
infrastructure, nature access restrictions in favor of both
economic and conservationist concerns, continued visits of
an ethno-culturally important hummingbird, the protection
of a moss endemic to the sub-Antarctic forests and species
diversity. From a non-market valuation perspective, local
residents favor a low-impact tourism development scenario.
Little is known about the monetary value of Chile’s
temperate forests. Knowledge of the economic value of
Navarino’s temperate forests facilitates the understanding
of local natural resource management at the microlevel and
assists in formulating conservation policies at the regional
and national levels.Financial support was provided by BMBF
(German Federal Ministry of Education and Research), FKZ
01LM0208
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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