3,059 research outputs found
Evaluating control of groundwater contaminants through tile-line management
No full textby: Dr. John Selker (Oregon State University Professor, Department of Bioengineering, Principal Investigator), Dr. Maria Dragila (Oregon State University, Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Co-Principal Investigator), Kristy Warren (Oregon State University, Department of Bioengineering, Graduate Research Assistant).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references (pages 65-69).Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Techno-economic-environmental analysis of tri-generation system in vertical farm applications
No full textBioengineering platforms for cell therapeutics derived from pluripotent and direct reprogramming
No full text© 2021 Author(s).Pluripotent and direct reprogramming technologies hold great potential for tissue repair and restoration of tissue and organ function. The implementation of induced pluripotent stem cells and directly reprogrammed cells in biomedical research has resulted in a significant leap forward in the highly promising area of regenerative medicine. While these therapeutic strategies are promising, there are several obstacles to overcome prior to the introduction of these therapies into clinical settings. Bioengineering technologies, such as biomaterials, bioprinting, microfluidic devices, and biostimulatory systems, can enhance cell viability, differentiation, and function, in turn the efficacy of cell therapeutics generated via pluripotent and direct reprogramming. Therefore, cellular reprogramming technologies, in combination with tissue-engineering platforms, are poised to overcome current bottlenecks associated with cell-based therapies and create new ways of producing engineered tissue substitutes.11Nsciescopu
Soil bioengineering techniques for riparian restoration
No full textSoil bioengineering is the use of living plant materials to perform some engineering function. Soil bioengineering techniques can be used to treat eroding banks, excess gravel and unstable slopes and can provide a finished product that treats the problem as well as providing appropriate riparian vegetation. The natural successional process associated with development of a healthy, functioning riparian vegetation cover is the model that is used to design repair systems that encourage restoration of riparian values. By providing a living, growing system for repair of damaged sites, possibly with wood and rock, the repair can contribute to living riparian area.
Soil bioengineering systems have been used to treat a variety of degraded riparian areas. Live bank protection can be used to form defensive walls of vegetation along the eroding banks of rivers, streams and ponds. Live palisades can be used to re-establish riparian forests quickly. Live gravel bar staking can be used to treat areas where excessive gravel deposits from up-slope erosion threatens downstream channel morphology. Wattle fences, live pole drains, live smiles and a variety of other techniques can be used to treat bank instabilities. This paper presents descriptions of where soil bioengineering treatments have been used for riparian restoration. Examples are drawn from over twenty years of experience by the author.
Paper presented at "High Elevation Mine Reclamation" conference sponsored by the Canadian Land Reclamation Association and the B.C. Technical and Research Committee on Reclamation. September 9-13, 2002, Dawson Creek, B.C.Non UBCUnreviewedOthe
Bioengineering methods for organoid systems
No full textInternational audienceOrganoids have been widely used in fundamental, biomimetic, and therapeutic studies. These multicellular systems form via cell-autonomous self-organization where a cohort of stem cells undergoes in vivo-like proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis. They also recapitulate a series of physiological cell organization, complexity and functions that are untouchable by conventional bio-model systems using immortal cell lines. However, the development of organoids is often not easily controlled and their shape and size are yet fully physiological. Recent research has demonstrated that multiple bioengineering tools could be harnessed to control important internal and external cues that dictate stem cell behavior and stem-cell based organoid development. In this review, we introduce the current development of organoid systems and their potentials, as well as their limitations that impede their further utility in research and clinical fields. In comparison to conventional autonomous organoid system, we then review bioengineering approaches that offer improved control over organoid growth and development. We focus on the genetic editing tools that allow the program of build-in responses and phenotypes for organoid systems with enhanced physiological relevance. We also highlight the advances in bioengineering methods to modify cellular external milieus to generate desirable cell composition, 3D micro-architectures, and complex microfluidic systems. We conclude that the emerging biomimetic methods that employ multidisciplinary approaches could prevail in the future development of organoid systems
Bioengineering the spider silk sequence to modify its affinity for drugs
No full textKamil Kucharczyk,1,2 Marek Weiss,3 Katarzyna Jastrzebska,1,2 Magdalena Luczak,4,5 Arkadiusz Ptak,3 Maciej Kozak,6,7 Andrzej Mackiewicz,1,2 Hanna Dams-Kozlowska1,2 1Department of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; 2Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland; 3Division of Computational Physics and Nanomechanics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland; 4Department of Biomedical Proteomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland; 5Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland; 6Department of Macromolecular Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland; 7Joint Laboratory for SAXS Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland Background: Silk is a biocompatible and biodegradable material, able to self-assemble into different morphological structures. Silk structures may be used for many biomedical applications, including carriers for drug delivery. The authors designed a new bioengineered spider silk protein, EMS2, and examined its property as a carrier of chemotherapeutics.Materials and methods: To obtain EMS protein, the MS2 silk monomer (that was based on the MaSp2 spidroin of Nephila clavipes) was modified by the addition of a glutamic acid residue. Both bioengineered silks were produced in an Escherichia coli expression system and purified by thermal method. The silk spheres were produced by mixing with potassium phosphate buffer. The physical properties of the particles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and zeta potential measurements. The MTT assay was used to examine the cytotoxicity of spheres. The loading and release profiles of drugs were studied spectrophotometrically.Results: The bioengineered silk variant, EMS2, was constructed, produced, and purified. The EMS2 silk retained the self-assembly property and formed spheres. The spheres made of EMS2 and MS2 silks were not cytotoxic and had a similar secondary structure content but differed in morphology and zeta potential values; EMS2 particles were more negatively charged than MS2 particles. Independently of the loading method (pre- or post-loading), the loading of drugs into EMS2 spheres was more efficient than the loading into MS2 spheres. The advantageous loading efficiency and release rate made EMS2 spheres a good choice to deliver neutral etoposide (ETP). Despite the high loading efficiency of positively charged mitoxantrone (MTX) into EMS2 particles, the fast release rate made EMS2 unsuitable for the delivery of this drug. A faster release rate from EMS2 particles compared to MS2 particles was observed for positively charged doxorubicin (DOX).Conclusion: By modifying its sequence, silk affinity for drugs can be controlled. Keywords: silk, bioengineering, spheres, drug delivery, chemotherapeutics, cancer therap
SLIP4EX- a program for routine slope stability analysis to include the effects of vegetation, reinforcement and hydrological changes
Full text linkSLIP4EX is a straightforward computer program developed in connection with the EU funded ECOSLOPES project for routine stability analysis and the assessment of the contribution of vegetation to slope stability. The slope section is drawn up and dimensions and parameters are fed in to the Microsoft Excel based program for stability calculations and comparisons of Factors of Safety using different methods of analysis (Bishop, Janbu, Fellenius, Simple, Greenwood). The background and assumptions involved in the derivation of each of the methods is briefly described. The simplicity of the program enables the user to understand the nature of the analysis, explore the parameter assumptions made and compare the different methods of analysis. Soil reinforcement by geosynthetic layers or anchors, and vegetation effects of enhanced cohesion, changed water pressures, mass of vegetation, wind forces and root reinforcement forces are readily included in the analysis. The program is freely available on request from the author
Bioengineering reasons for the failure of metal-on-metal hip prostheses
No full text Bioengineering reasons for increased wear and failure of metal-on-metal (MoM) bearings in hip prostheses have been described. Low wear occurs in MoM hips when the centre of the femoral head is concentric with the centre of the acetabular component and the implants are correctly positioned. Translational or rotational malpositioning of the components can lead to the contact-patch of the femoral component being displaced to the rim of the acetabular component, resulting in a ten- to 100-fold increase in wear and metal ion levels. This may cause adverse tissue reactions, loosening of components and failure of the prosthesis. </jats:p
Lipid-based carriers for food ingredients delivery
No full textThe encapsulation in the food industry has gained relevant importance, mainly due to its contribution to solve food problems by reducing the loss of nutrients, prolong the shelf-life, and improve food quality and safety. The lipid-based delivery systems as microemulsions, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers are widely used to deliver food ingredients due to their ability to protect and deliver it, enhancing its functionality and bioavailability. Despite the benefits on delivering food ingredients the toxicity profile of such carriers is usually neglected. The aim of this review is to provide a detailed overview on the application of lipid-based carriers to deliver food ingredients. Herein, the encapsulation advantages and disadvantages, and microencapsulation techniques used to obtain lipid-based carriers are discussed. More importantly, the different types of lipid-based carriers used for food ingredients delivery are thoroughly scrutinized, as well as their application in foods and possible toxicity concerns.Portuguese national funds from FCT -Foundation for Science and Technology [UIDB/04326/2020, UIDB/04565/2020]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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