48 research outputs found
Are proinflammatory cytokines involved in an increased risk for depression by unhealthy diets?
No full textA physiological approach for preparing and conducting intestinal bioavailability studies using experimental systems
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The Optimal Protective 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level for Different Health Outcomes in Adults: A Brief Summary of Dose–Response Meta-Analyses
No full textVitamin D is very important for bone metabolism as well as for the prevention of various diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and different types of cancer. Although vitamin D deficiency is widespread and an important public health problem, there exists controversy in the scientific community, with no established standard definition of adequate and deficient vitamin D status. To add new information on this topic, the aim of this brief opinion paper is to identify and discuss the optimal 25(OH)D concentration (range) for a reduction in the risk of various disease outcomes by summarizing dose–response reporting meta-analyses
The Role of Diet and Specific Nutrients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Have We Learned over the Last Three Years?
No full textNutrients and diets have an important impact on our immune system and infection risk and a huge number of papers have been published dealing with various aspects of nutrition in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection risk or COVID-19 severity. This narrative review aims to give an update on this association and tries to summarize some of the most important findings after three years of pandemic. The analysis of major studies and systematic reviews leads to the conclusion that a healthy plant-based diet reduces the risks for SARS-CoV-2 infection and especially COVID-19 severity. Regarding micronutrients, vitamin D is to the fore, but also zinc, vitamin C and, to some extent, selenium may play a role in COVID-19. Furthermore, omega-3-fatty acids with their anti-inflammatory effects also deserve attention. Therefore, a major aim of societal nutritional efforts in future should be to foster a high quality plant-based diet, which not only exerts beneficial effects on the immune system but also reduces the risk for non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes or obesity which are also primary risk factors for worse COVID-19 outcomes. Another aim should be to focus on a good supply of critical immune-effective nutrients, such as vitamin D and zinc
Maternal and neonatal outcomes related to iron supplementation or iron status: a summary of meta-analyses
No full textInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health / Association Between the 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status and Physical Performance in Healthy Recreational Athletes
No full textMolecular and clinical studies have linked vitamin D (vitD) deficiency to several aspects of muscle performance. For this retrospective cross-sectional study data from 297 male (M) and 284 female (F) healthy recreational athletes were used to evaluate the prevalence of vitD deficiency in athletes living in Austria and to determine whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) correlates with maximal (Pmax) and submaximal physical performance (Psubmax) measured on a treadmill ergometer. The data were controlled for age, season, weekly training hours (WTH), body mass index (BMI) and smoking status. 96 M and 75 F had 25(OH)D levels 20 ng/mL. 25(OH)D levels showed seasonal variations, but no seasonal differences in Pmax and Psubmax were detected. M with 25(OH)D levels 20 ng/mL had significantly lower Psubmax (p = 0.045) than those with normal levels. In F no significant differences in Pmax or Psubmax were detected. Stepwise multiple regression analysis including all covariates revealed significant correlations between 25(OH)D levels and Pmax ( = 0.138, p = 0.003) and Psubmax ( = 0.152, p = 0.002) in M. Interestingly, for F significant correlations between 25(OH)D and both Pmax and Psubmax disappeared after adding WTH to the model. In conclusion, our data suggest that 25(OH)D status is associated with physical performance especially in M, while in F, WTH and BMI seem to affect the correlation.(VLID)471610
Nutrients / The Effect of Electrolytes on Blood Pressure: A Brief Summary of Meta-Analyses
No full textNutrition is known to exert an undeniable impact on blood pressure with especially salt (sodium chloride), but also potassium, playing a prominent role. The aim of this review was to summarize meta-analyses studying the effect of different electrolytes on blood pressure or risk for hypertension, respectively. Overall, 32 meta-analyses evaluating the effect of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium on human blood pressure or hypertension risk were included after literature search. Most of the meta-analyses showed beneficial blood pressure lowering effects with the extent of systolic blood pressure reduction ranging between 0.7 (95% confidence interval: 2.6 to 1.2) to 8.9 (14.1 to 3.7) mmHg for sodium/salt reduction, 3.5 (5.2 to 1.8) to 9.5 (10.8 to 8.1) mmHg for potassium, and 0.2 (0.4 to 0.03) to 18.7 (22.5 to 15.0) mmHg for magnesium. The range for diastolic blood pressure reduction was 0.03 (0.4 to 0.4) to 5.9 (9.7 to 2.1) mmHg for sodium/salt reduction, 2 (3.1 to 0.9) to 6.4 (7.3 to 5.6) mmHg for potassium, and 0.3 (0.5 to 0.03) to 10.9 (13.1 to 8.7) mmHg for magnesium. Moreover, sufficient calcium intake was found to reduce the risk of gestational hypertension.(VLID)491878
