1,721,042 research outputs found
Effect of decreasing levels of Fe availability on S assimilation pathway in durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) seedlings
No full textIron is an essential element required for many crucial cellular functions. Studies in many
different organisms have shown that Fe deficiency induces several responses including
increased uptake of Fe from the environment. In plants, it is achieved through the
activation of several components of the Strategy I and II Fe uptake system. Wheat belongs
to Strategy II plants and therefore cope with Fe deficiency by increasing both the synthesis
and secretion of phytosiderophores (PS), and the uptake of Fe-PS complexes. Besides the
processes described for Strategy II, sulfate assimilation pathway is known to be induced
upon Fe deprivation in various plant species (maize, barley and wheat), most likely
because PS are derived from nicotianamine, whose precursor is methionine.
Aim of this study was to investigate if sulfate assimilation rate could be modulated in an Fe
concentration-dependent manner. To this purpose, durum wheat seedlings were grown
hydroponically for eight days with Fe(III)-EDTA concentrations ranging from 0 to 75 μM.
The amount of PS released by roots gradually increased with decreasing external Fe
concentrations, this result being correlated to the increase in root thiol concentration. This
was supported by roots showing higher activity of both ATP sulfurylase and Oacetylserine(thiol)lyase, the first and the last enzyme of S metabolism, respectively.
These preliminary results suggest that the capability to induce sulfate assimilation pathway
when plants sense the onset of Fe limitation seems to correlate with the general S use
efficiency of a plant species as an ecological adaptation to Fe deficiency
Phosphorus deficiency changes carbon isotope fractionation and triggers exudate reacquisition in tomato plants
Full text linkPlant roots are able to exude vast amounts of metabolites into the rhizosphere in response to phosphorus (P) deficiency. Causing noteworthy costs in terms of energy and carbon (C) for the plants. Therefore, it is suggested that exudates reacquisition by roots could represent an energy saving strategy of plants. This study aimed at investigating the effect of P deficiency on the ability of hydroponically grown tomato plants to re-acquire specific compounds generally present in root exudates by using 13C-labelled molecules. Results showed that P deficient tomato plants were able to take up citrate (+ 37%) and malate (+ 37%), particularly when compared to controls. While glycine (+ 42%) and fructose (+ 49%) uptake was enhanced in P shortage, glucose acquisition was not affected by the nutritional status. Unexpectedly, results also showed that P deficiency leads to a 13C enrichment in both tomato roots and shoots over time (shoots—+ 2.66‰, roots—+ 2.64‰, compared to control plants), probably due to stomata closure triggered by P deficiency. These findings highlight that tomato plants are able to take up a wide range of metabolites belonging to root exudates, thus maximizing C trade off. This trait is particularly evident when plants grew in P deficiency. © 2020, The Author(s)
Comparison of the Effect of Solid and Liquid Digestate on the Growth of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Plants
Full text linkAs a consequence of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Europe is facing a shortage of chemical fertilizers for agriculture. Therefore, the use of byproducts of biomass anaerobic digestion, e.g., solid (SD) and liquid (LD) digestate, could be a key solution to cope with this problem. In this framework, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of both SD and LD, derived from the same feedstock, on the biometric, physiological, and biochemical parameters of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants. Compared to the controls, the plants treated with 3% (w/w) SD showed a reduction in leaf fresh biomass, chlorophyll content, performance index, fractal dimension, and antiradical activity, while vitamin C increased by 18.8%. An opposite response was observed for the lettuce plants treated with 3% (v/w) LD, which showed an increase in all the above-mentioned parameters, except for vitamin C, which decreased by 39.8%. Interestingly, the content of malondialdehyde, which is correlated with cell membrane lipid peroxidation, increased in the SD-treated plants (+39.7%) and decreased (−42.1%) in the LD-treated plants. These results strongly support the use of LD in agriculture as a valuable product to improve the productivity and nutritional quality of crop plants
Screening of Triticum turgidum genotypes for tolerance to drought stress
No full textDrought is one of the major abiotic stresses leading to reduced yields and economic losses. Effective germplasm screening for drought tolerance particularly under managed water-deficit conditions is an effective way of selecting materials for advanced breeding programs. Here, 37 Triticum turgidum genotypes, including landraces, ancient and modern genotypes, along with 2 tritordeum cultivars, were subjected to water-deficit stress through the application of 10% (w/v) PEG 6000 and to re-watering treatment in controlled environment, and at the end of each treatment, several physiological and morphological traits were investigated. Our results revealed large variation in shoot and root fresh weight, proline, chlorophyll, and MDA concentration, and also in root morphological traits across the 37 genotypes. The hierarchical clustering of the physiological and morphological traits led to the identification of tolerant and sensitive genotypes to water-deficit stress and also reveals those genotypes characterized by deep-rooting and shallow-rooting systems. By integrating both datasets, three outstanding genotypes, namely Karim, Svems 20, and Svems 18 were identified as the most tolerant genotypes with deep-rooting system. On the other hand, Iride and Bulel tritordeum, were introduced as the most sensitive genotypes with shallow-rooting system
Caratterizzazione dei meccanismi di assorbimento e assimilazione dello S in piante di frumento Fe-carenti
No full textSelected Plant-Related Papers from the First Joint Meeting on Soil and Plant System Sciences (SPSS 2019)—“Natural and Human-Induced Impacts on the Critical Zone and Food Production”
Full text linkThe First Joint Meeting on Soil and Plant System Sciences (SPSS 2019), titled “Natural and Human-Induced Impacts on the Critical Zone and Food Production”, aimed at integrating different scientific backgrounds and topics flowing into the Critical Zone, where chemical, biological, physical, and geological processes work together to support life on the Earth’s surface. The SPSS 2019 meeting gathered the thoughts and findings of scientists, professionals and individuals from different countries working in different research fields. This Special Issue comprises a selection of original works on the plant-related topics presented during this international meeting. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland
Root physiological and transcriptional response to single and combined S and Fe deficiency in durum wheat
No full textA number of connections and insights are emerging regarding the molecular and physiological basis of Fe and S interplay response of combined Fe and S starvation of durum wheat roots are here presented. Microarray analysis revealed that 128 transcripts were commonly modulated by both single and combined deficiencies, thus representing the “core” set of transcripts involved in the responses both to S and Fe shortage, whereas a total of 509 transcripts were modulated only by the simultaneous deficiency of S and Fe. Interestingly, among these latter, most of the genes of nitrate uptake and assimilation were down-regulated, while those involved into ammonium uptake were up-regulated as confirmed by the decrease in nitrate reductase enzyme activity. Transcripts playing a role into phosphate uptake were down-regulated in agreement with the observed lower P accumulation in roots. Combined deficiency mainly up-regulated transcripts involved with oxidative stress response although the related enzyme activities did not appear to differ significantly. Results allowed the identification of transcripts that are specific as well as those that are shared among single and combined deficiency responses, thus providing a starting point for detailed studies on candidate genes to improve the understanding of the molecular basis of nutrient acquisition. © 2017 Elsevier B.V
Changes in S assimilation pathway in response to S and Fe deficiency stress in wheat seedlings
No full textDose-Dependent Effects of a Corn Starch-Based Bioplastic on Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.): Implications for Growth, Biochemical Parameters, and Nutrient Content
Full text linkPlastic pollution is a pressing global issue, prompting the exploration of sustainable alternatives such as bioplastics (BPs). In agriculture, BPs have gained relevance as mulching films. This study investigated the effect of the presence in the soil of different concentrations (0-3%, w/w) of a corn starch-based bioplastic on basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). The results showed that increasing bioplastic concentration reduced shoot fresh biomass production. Biochemical analyses revealed changes in the shoot in soluble protein content, biomarkers of oxidative and osmotic stress (malondialdehyde and proline, respectively), anti-radical activity, and antioxidant compounds (phenols, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid), which are indicative of plant adaptive mechanisms in response to stress caused by the presence of the different concentrations of bioplastic in the soil. Macro- and micronutrient analysis showed imbalances in nutrient uptake, with a decreased content of potassium, phosphorus, and manganese, and an increased content of magnesium, iron, and copper in the shoot at high BP concentrations
Influenza della nutrizione solfatica sulla risposta alla Fe-carenza in piante di pomodoro
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