1,721,023 research outputs found
Lack of online video educational resources for open colorectal surgery training
No full textVideo recordings of open surgical procedures could provide a method for enhancing surgical education, analysing operative performance and presenting cases to a wider audience of surgeons. The aim of this pilot study was to systematically search the World Wide Web to determine the availability of open surgery videos and to evaluate their potential training value in terms of the educational content presented
Prophylactic surgery in Lynch syndrome
No full textLynch syndrome (LS) is caused by a germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes and is a dominantly inherited syndrome, responsible for 2-5% of all colorectal cancer (CRC) cases. Mutation carriers have a 60-85% risk of developing CRC. With the increasing use of genetic predisposition testing, patients and health care providers must decide on cancer risk-reduction strategies. The cancers observed in families with LS are diagnosed at an unusually early age and may be multiple. The decision about which surgery is suitable should be made on the basis of patient factors and preferences, with special emphasis on age, comorbidity, sphincteric function, and the ability of the patient to cope with intensive surveillance. Colectomy decreases the risk of second CRC significantly. The estimated lifetime risk for endometrial adenocarcinoma is 40-60% in women with LS, and the mean age at diagnosis is around 50 years. This risk equals or exceeds the risk of CRC. The optimal management of the elevated risk for cancer in carriers of mutations for hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer is unclear. Patients who are gene mutation carriers should receive counseling about colectomy, and if women, prophylactic hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy
Translational Research in Colorectal Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives of Multimodal Treatment Approach
Full text linkInflammatory Bowel Diseases Benefit from Enhanced Recovery After Surgery [ERAS] Protocol: A Systematic Review with Practical Implications
No full textBackground: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery [ERAS] is widely adopted in patients undergoing colorectal surgery, with demonstrated benefits. Few studies have assessed the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of ERAS in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD]. The aim of this study was to investigate the current adoption and outcomes of ERAS in IBD. Methods: This PRISMA-compliant systematic review of the literature included all articles reporting on adult patients with IBD who underwent colorectal surgery within an ERAS pathway. PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched. Endpoints included ERAS adoption, perioperative outcomes, and ERAS items more consistently reported, with associated evidence levels [EL] [PROSPERO CRD42021238653]. Results: Out of 217 studies, 16 totalling 2347 patients were included. The median number of patients treated was 50.5. Malnutrition and anaemia optimisation were only included as ERAS items in six and four articles, respectively. Most of the studies included the following items: drinking clear fluids until 2 h before the surgery, fluid restriction, nausea prophylaxis, early feeding, and early mobilisation. Only two studies included postoperative stoma-team and IBD-team evaluation before discharge. Highest EL were observed for ileocaecal Crohn's disease resection [EL2]. Median in-hospital stay was 5.2 [2.9-10.7] days. Surgical site infections and anastomotic leaks ranged between 3.1-23.5% and 0-3.4%, respectively. Complications occurred in 5.7-48%, and mortality did not exceed 1%. Conclusions: Evidence on ERAS in IBD is lacking, but this group of patients might benefit from consistent adoption of the pathway. Future studies should define if IBD-specific ERAS pathways and selection criteria are needed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Prospective study of sexual dysfunction in men with rectal cancer: feasibility and results of nerve sparing surgery
No full textAbstract
PURPOSE:
Rectal cancer surgery is impaired by a high rate of postoperative sexual dysfunction cause of frequent nerve injuries. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate sexual function in a group of male patients after total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer, using an autonomic nerve sparing technique.
METHODS:
All patients underwent autonomic nerve preserving TME. Sexual function was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function standardized questionnaire. All patients were studied preoperatively and at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after surgery.
RESULTS:
Fifty-one patients with adenocarcinoma of the rectum were enrolled; after excluding 16 patients not sexually active, nine with T4 stage disease and six with metastatic disease, 20 patients were prospectively evaluated. The preoperative erectile function (EF) domain score of the International Index of Erectile Function was 24.3 (±4.1). The score of the EF domain was 17.6 (±7.5), 19.l9 (±7.2), 20.3 (±7.4), 20.5 (±7.4), and 20.6 (±7.4) at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after surgery. In the group of patients in which there were no macroscopic damages to the nerves, only two out of 15 (13.3%) developed erectile dysfunction. All five patients in whom incomplete pelvic nerve preservation was necessary developed erectile dysfunction.
CONCLUSION:
Our data show that nerve sparing technique can reduce the incidence of sexual dysfunction. Unfortunately, the technique is not applicable in every patient. Indications and techniques of autonomic nerve preservation are not standardized. Controlled trials with long-term follow-up seem to be necessary
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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