1,720,958 research outputs found
O benefício do bundle do cateter central em pacientes neonatais e pediátricos : uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Get PDFIntrodução: As infecções primárias da corrente sanguínea associadas ao cateter venoso central (IPCS) são um grande problema nas unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI) pediátricas e neonatais em todo o mundo. Evidências sugerem que a prevenção das IPCSs é crucial para o atendimento seguro ao paciente. Uma percentagem significativa (65-70%) das IPCSs são evitáveis utilizando as estratégias baseadas em evidências, incluindo os bundles. Estas medidas têm um papel bem estabelecido em pacientes adultos.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, a partir de uma ampla revisão sistemática da literatura, o benefício da implementação do bundle do cateter central na prevenção das IPCSs em pacientes pediátricos e neonatais internados em UTI. Métodos: Foram pesquisadas as bases de dados Cochrane Library, Medline, Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature (LILACS), Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD), Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), além de busca manual e literatura cinzenta entre 1 de janeiro de 2005 até 31 de dezembro de 2015. Não houve restrição dos estudos com relação ao idioma, a data ou status de publicação. Para avaliar o benefício do bundle do cateter central, foram selecionados estudos envolvendo pelo menos dois componentes (higiene de mãos, precauções de barreira máxima, antissepsia da pele, seleção adequada do sítio do cateter, revisão diária da necessidade do cateter) como medida preventiva para pacientes com cateter venoso central (CVC). O desfecho foi o número de IPCSs por 1000 cateteres-dias antes e depois da implementação do bundle. Resultados: Foram identificados inicialmente 6369 estudos, após a exclusão dos títulos duplicados e os inelegíveis, 31 estudos preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade. Os estudos foram heterogêneos tanto na composição do bundle quanto na estratégia de implementação. A mediana da densidade de incidência de IPCS foi de 5.9 por 1000 cateteres-dias (2.6-23.1) nas unidades de terapia intensiva pediátricas (UTIP) e 4.9 por 1000 cateteres-dias (2.0-24.1) nas unidades de terapia intensiva neonatais (UTIN). Após a implementação do bundle do cateter central, a densidade de incidência de IPCS variou de 0 a 14.9 por 1000 cateteres-dias (mediana de 2.1) nas UTIPs e 0.3 a 13.9 (mediana de 2.8) nas UTINs. Conclusões: As IPCSs continuam sendo um problema significativo em unidades de terapia intensiva pediátricas e neonatais, mas a implementação do bundle do cateter central pode reduzir significativamente as taxas dessas infecções. Intervenções assistenciais com as melhores práticas baseadas em evidência permitem uma redução substancial das IPCSs pela promoção de grupos ou bundles de procedimentos e tecnologias, e pela utilização de uma estratégia multimodal para a educação, formação, implementação e divulgação.Background: Central-line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are a major problem in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide. Evidence suggests that CLABSI prevention is crucial for safe patient care. A significant percentage of CLABSIs (65- 70%) are preventable using evidenced-based guidelines. Strategies to prevent these infections have included a myriad of different preventive maneuvers gathered as “bundles”. These measures have a well established role in the adult ICU setting. We aimed to assess the benefit of the implementation of central-line bundles to prevent CLABSIs in neonatal and pediatric ICU patients, populations where their actual efficacy is yet to be proven. Methods: We searched Cochrane Library, Medline, Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature (LILACS), Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD), Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), manual search and gray literature to identify studies reporting the implementation of central-line bundles in pediatric ICU (PICU), or neonatal ICU (NICU) patients. We searched for studies published between Jan 1, 2005, and December 21, 2015, without language restriction. To evaluate the benefit of the central line bundle were selected studies involving at least two components (hand hygiene, maximal barrier precautions, skin antisepsis, optimal catheter site selection and daily review of line necessity) as a preventive measure to patients with central venous catheter (CVC). The outcome was the number of CLABSIs per 1000 catheter-days before and after implementation. Results: We initially identified 6369 records, and after excluding duplicates and those ineligible, 31 studies met the eligibility criteria. The studies reviewed were quite heterogeneous both in bundle composition and implementation strategy. Median CLABSIs incidence were 5.9 per 1000 catheter-days (range 2.6–23.1) on PICUs and 4.9 per 1000 catheter-days (range 2.0–24.1) on NICUs. After implementation of central-line bundles the CLABSI incidence ranged from 0 to 14.9 per 1000 catheter-days (median 2.1) on PICUs and 0.3 to 14.9 (median 2.8) on NICUs. Conclusions: CLABSIs remain a significant problem in neonatal and pediatric critical care units, but implementation of catheter care bundles can significantly reduce rates of these infections. Best practice interventions allow substantial CLABSI reduction by promotion of groups or bundles of procedures and technology, and by use of a multimodal strategy for education, training, implementation, and dissemination
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
- …
