1,720,986 research outputs found
Sequential pairwise trading. Convergence and welfare implications
No full textThis paper characterizes the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of a symmetric, pure exchange economy with two goods and N agents with uniformly distributed preferences and identical endowments. Relaxing the auctioneer assumption, but maintaining a global price rule, sequentially random pairwise trading at out-of-equilibrium prices is allowed. Initial mispricing implies rationing, determining excess demand (supply) fading away only at convergence, when the price of the initially cheaper (more expensive) good becomes more expensive (cheaper) than the walrasian one. The system converges when the sequential price reaches the walrasian price evaluated at current updated endowments. A perfectly symmetric setting, by initial mispricing and consequent rationed trading, creates asymmetric resource allocations even at convergence, where welfare is lower than a standardized 1% with respect to the auctioneer Pareto one.
This model sketches a possible basis for price over-reaction microfoundation and captures endogenous "wealth divide" among the population, induced by whether agent trading is dominated by good preferences or just by speculation around their prices.This paper characterizes the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of a symmetric, pure exchange economy with two goods and N agents with uniformly distributed preferences and identical endowments. Relaxing the auctioneer assumption, but maintaining a global price rule, sequentially random pairwise trading at out-of-equilibrium prices is allowed. Initial mispricing implies rationing, determining excess demand (supply) fading away only at convergence, when the price of the initially cheaper (more expensive) good becomes more expensive (cheaper) than the walrasian one. The system converges when the sequential price reaches the walrasian price evaluated at current updated endowments. A perfectly symmetric setting, by initial mispricing and consequent rationed trading, creates asymmetric resource allocations even at convergence, where welfare is lower than a standardized 1% with respect to the auctioneer Pareto one.
This model sketches a possible basis for price over-reaction microfoundation and captures endogenous "wealth divide" among the population, induced by whether agent trading is dominated by good preferences or just by speculation around their prices
Improving social stability: a democracy perception analysis in the European area
No full textThe present work aims to analyse the current perception that European citizens have of Western democracies due to an extensive empirical study. The comprehension of the way people perceive and consider their democratic institutions is a key issue in the sociological and socio-political perspectives. Having a clear understanding of this macro-issue is a fundamental stage to approach the final goal of improving social and political stability. In this context, on one hand, we will approach the problem by taking on as central the notions of institutional trust and expectations and, on the other hand, the notion of democracy itself. Specifically, we will empirically investigate the way the European citizens appreciate and evaluate the present democracies in their countries, by the means of real-life data collected by the European Social Survey. The data will be elaborated through statistical analyses, in order to answer to three specific research questions related to democracy perception, institutional trust and expectations. Finally, we will find out some peculiar evidence, tied to the anagraphical or geographical segmentations considered for the data and related to the centrality of the role of trust in the political institutions, as well as to the importance of the democracies’ instruments in the European countries considered. The next step in our work include the use of the data and the results obtained to develop predictive models of the future states of the people’s perception, due to artificial intelligence based models and agent-based simulations
Passing-on in Cartel Damages Action: An Agent-Based Model
No full textWhen there are infringements causing a price increase, such as cartels, one of the effects on direct purchaser’s profit is the so-called passing-on effect.
Passing-on rate is the proportion of the illegal price increase that cartel direct purchasers, in turn, translate into an increase in their own final price. In this chapter, we
develop an agent-based model of a supply chain, where agents are firms who lay on different levels of the chain and are engaged in trading
Pluralismo metodologico nello studio delle dinamiche di opinione. Sociometria, web survey, agent-based modelling
No full textL’influenza interpersonale rappresenta una forza pervasiva nella nostra società. Tuttavia, nonostante le numerose ricerche al riguardo, in particolare a partire dalla classicità sociologica, quello che sembrerebbe mancare oggi è l’utilizzo di un approccio integrato per lo studio di dinamiche d’interazione che ci coinvolgono quotidianamente. Questo lavoro nasce dall’esigenza di formalizzare empiricamente tale fenomeno attraverso un’indagine sulle opinioni musicali tra adolescenti, ponendo così ulteriori questioni sui modi e sulle ragioni per cui gli individui entrano in rapporto con gli altri. L’approccio integrato tra social network analysis, web survey e agent-based modelling ha permesso di concettualizzare il fenomeno come uno studio di diffusione, considerato come l’esito di un processo imitativo innescato da eventuali motivazioni di conformità. In particolare, i concetti di influenza sociale e omofilia sono stati ricondotti a un duplice meccanismo in grado di spiegare il fenomeno: (1) il comportamento dei pari che occupano una posizione rilevante all’interno di gruppi relazionali; (2) l’interazione favorita da specifici elementi legati alla somiglianza tra gli individui. I risultati empirici ottenuti da una web survey sono stati confrontati con quelli generati dal modello di simulativo al fine di riprodurre il fenomeno sociale osservato e di controllare le ipotesi teoriche alla base del modello stesso
ABM for Simulating the Access to Elective Surgery Services: The Issue of Patient Mobility in Italy
No full textPatient mobility presents a significant challenge as it can have a detrimental impact on the financial sustainability of regional healthcare systems, given the large number of patients seeking care services outside of their region. To gain a deeper understanding of this phenomenon, it is essential to develop a behavioral model that accurately represents the interactions between patients and the healthcare system. To this end, we present an Agent-Based Modelling (ABM) to simulate the patient flow and identify the key factors that influence it. Our findings may provide policymakers with a novel perspective on the main drivers of patient mobility and potential strategies to address this issue
Trends in Social Science: The Impact of Computational and Simulative Models
No full texthis paper discusses current progress in the computational social sciences. Specifically, it examines the following questions: Are the computational social sciences exhibiting positive or negative developments? What are the roles of agent-based models and simulation (ABM), network analysis, and other "computational" methods within this dynamic? (Conte, The necessity of intelligent agents in social simulation, Advances in Complex Systems, 3(01n04), 19-38, 2000; Conte 2010; Macy, Annual Review of Sociology, 143-166, 2002). Are there objective indicators of scientific growth that can be applied to different scientific areas, allowing for comparison among them? In this paper, some answers to these questions are presented and discussed. In particular, comparisons among different disciplines in the social and computational sciences are shown, taking into account their respective growth trends in the number of publication citations over the last few decades (culled from Google Scholar). After a short discussion of the methodology adopted, results of keyword-based queries are presented, unveiling some unexpected local impacts of simulation on the takeoff of traditionally poorly productive disciplines. © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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