1,721,004 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Theoretical Perspectives of Safety and Security in Transit Environments
Full text linkThis chapter discusses the extant theories used to explain safety and security in transit environments, which are set out within the conceptual framework identified in the previous chapter. A number of theoretical perspectives have been developed to explain the prevalence of crime, disorder and associated fear in society. None of these are without criticism, and none have been developed explicitly for the purpose of explaining safety and security on public transport systems. This section examines current security and criminological theories, and ideas and perspectives from other fields and disciplines, to ascertain their utility for explaining safety and security specifically in the context of public transportation. The aim is to translate these theories into an integrated and theory-led conceptual framework within which safety and security on public transport systems can readily be examined
Practical Challenges and New Research Frontiers for Safety and Security in Transit Environments
Full text linkThis chapter brings together this edited volume, and highlights and summarizes the main findings presented in the book, based on each of the preceding five sections. It examines the conceptual framework, and the main findings that arise from each section. These include safety and security at the transit node, the journey, links to the surrounding settings and the perspective of the user. It provides an overview of why safety and security is challenging and complex, and discusses the utility of the conceptual framework in tackling this. It then suggests new research frontiers for safety in transit environments, before concluding with some recommendations for future policy
Aim, Scope, Conceptual Framework and Definitions
Full text linkMobility is a basic requirement of modern society. Distance separates individuals’ homes from places where they work, shop, do business, undertake leisure and recreational activities, and socially interact. Public transit plays a key role in reducing social exclusion by offering access to these fundamental life activities. For example, in Sweden and in Great Britain, one-quarter of households do not own a car (SIKA, 2008; DfT, 2012). Moreover, access to a car is not equally distributed amongst the population, and varies by age, gender, ethnicity and socio-economic status. Particular groups are more reliant on public transportation than others (Kunieda and Gauthier, 2007; Raphael et al. 2006). Furthermore, there are obvious environmental benefits in promoting public transport as a means of sustainable travel (Steg and Gifford, 2005). Since public transportation is a cornerstone of sustainable development, passengers deserve convenient and reliable transportation systems. However, getting people to use public transportation systems is not just a matter of making them efficient and cost effective. Passengers need to feel safe not just at stops and stations but also during their entire journey. Transportation systems encompass more than buses, trains and infrastructure. They constitute actual transit environments in which individuals spend time on a daily basis and are, therefore, important settings in everyday life. Indeed, one in five Europeans spend on average more than two hours a day commuting in these transit environments (Stepstone, 2012)
In and around: Identifying predictors of theft within and near to major mass underground transit systems
Full text linkThis article identifies factors that encourage or reduce pick-pocketing at underground rail stations through a case study analysis of the London Underground. Negative binomial Poisson regression models found predictor variables of pick-pocketing selected from the internal characteristics of stations and features of their nearby surroundings. Factors that increased risk were those associated with greater congestion inside stations including lifts, waiting rooms and fewer platforms; and increased levels of accessibility near stations, more paths and roads. Features that reduced risk were those likely to encourage detection and guardianship; stations with more personal validators, staffing levels and shop rentals; and the presence of more domestic buildings nearby. Station type was also influential; those that were ‘attractors’ of crime and those frequently used by tourists were at greater risk. The findings suggest a transmission of theft risk between the internal settings of underground stations and their nearby surroundings
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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