1,720,978 research outputs found
Age-dependent changes in the anger superiority effect: Evidence from a visual search task
Full text linkThe perception of threatening facial expressions is a critical skill necessary for detecting the emotional states of others and responding appropriately. The anger superiority effect hypothesis suggests that individuals are better at processing and identifying angry faces compared with other nonthreatening facial expressions. In adults, the anger superiority effect is present even after controlling for the bottom-up visual saliency, and when ecologically valid stimuli are used. However, it is as yet unclear whether this effect is present in children. To fill this gap, we tested the anger superiority effect in children ages 6–14 years in a visual search task by using emotional dynamic stimuli and equating the visual salience of target and distractors. The results suggest that in childhood, the angry superiority effect consists of improved accuracy in detecting angry faces, while in adolescence, the ability to discriminate angry faces undergoes further development, enabling faster and more accurate threat detection
Evoluzione e personalita', il valore adattivo dei tratti negli abitanti delle piccole isole
No full textUno studio preliminare sulla distribuzione dei tratti di personalita' dfegli abitanti delle piccole isole italiane confrontati con gli abitanti della terraferma. prime ipotesi di un modello genetico- biologico di evoluzione della personalita' degli isolati
La geopolitica dei cittadini
No full textL’Atlante sociale delle Marche 2016 conferma la tradizionale pluralità e il policentrismo della regione, sotto il profilo sociale, economico e politico, già messa in luce dalle indagini recedenti di questo Osservatorio (Ceccarini e Turato, 2004; Turato, 2004) ma anche da molti altri lavori sull’economia delle Marche. Ciononostante, rispetto al passato, oggi sembra emergere l’esigenza di guardare oltre i consueti confini regionali in modo differente: internazionalizzare la regione, connetterla all’Europa e al mondo seguendo una nuova strada, che privilegi collaborazioni locali
Factorial validity and cutoff score of the postpartum distress measure
No full textScreening for postpartum mental health has a crucial role in identifying women needing psychological support. The present study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Postpartum Distress Measure (PDM) in Italian women in the first six months postpartum (n = 818). The PDM is a 10-item self-report questionnaire composed of two subscales assessing general distress and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. CFA supported the two-dimensional structure of the PDM, showing good fit in-dices as well as high internal consistency. Furthermore, ROC analysis revealed high sensitivity and specificity of the PDM in detecting possible cases of postnatal distress with an optimal cutoff of 9. Given its good psychometric properties and its sensitivity, the PDM may be confidently used as a screening tool for maternal distress in the first six months postpartum, covering a wide range of typical perinatal psychological symptoms
Sowing the seeds of intentionality: Motor intentions in plants
Full text linkMotor intention/intentionality has been investigated from a wide variety of perspectives: some researchers have, for example, been focusing on the purely physical and mechanical aspects underlying the control of action, while others have been concentrating on subjective intentionality. Basically, all approaches ranging from the neuroscientific to phenomenological-inspired ones have been used to investigate motor intentions. The current study set out to examine motor intentions in connection to plant behavior utilizing the final goal of plant action as the definition of its motor intention. Taking a wide-angle approach, the first part of the review is dedicated to examining philosophical and psychological studies on motor intentions. Recent data demonstrating that plant behavior does indeed seem goal-directed will then be reviewed as we ponder the possibility of purposeful or intentional plant responses to stimuli and stress conditions in their environment. The article will draw to a close as we examine current theories attempting to explain plants’ overt behavior and corresponding covert representations
The Different Roles of Hedonic and Eudaimonic Motives for Activities in Predicting Functioning and Well-Being Experiences
Full text linkResearch on hedonic and eudaimonic orientations has previously focused on their effects on well-being experiences. Very little is known about their associations with functioning. A preliminary objective of the study was to establish the factorial validity of the Hedonic and Eudaimonic Motives for Activities–Revised (HEMA-R) on an Italian sample (N = 461) through a confirmatory factor analysis. The main objective was to study the distinctive patterns of correlates between different types of orientations to well-being and several outcome measures of positive experiences (flourishing, life satisfaction, positive affect), negative experiences (negative affect, depression, anxiety, stress) and functioning (dispositional coping strategies) by means of a multivariate linear model. The Italian version of the HEMA-R showed a three-factor structure, namely eudaimonic, pleasure, and relaxation orientations. Pleasure orientation was positively related to positive experiences of well-being and negatively related to negative experiences. Eudaimonic orientation was associated with positive experiences. Furthermore, eudaimonic orientation showed a positive relation with several adaptive coping strategies, whereas relaxation was associated with avoidant coping strategies. The results reflect that pleasure orientation is aimed at achieving pleasant feelings, while Eudaimonic orientation is aimed at living well. Our findings also suggest that pleasure orientation may reflect the “pursuit of pleasure” component of Hedonia, while relaxation orientation may reflect its “pain avoidance” component. Overall, this study supports the importance of distinguishing between Eudaimonia, and the pleasure and relaxation components of Hedonia to predict individual differences in subjective experiences and functioning
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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