1,720,959 research outputs found
Is there any influence of biodynamic preparation 501 on the physiological activity of grape leaves cv. Cesanese d’Affile?
No full textBackground: Biodynamic agriculture is a management approach that aims to reduce the reliance on agrochemicals for production by emphasizing the use of specific natural preparations. A 2-year field trial spanning 2019–2020 was conducted in an established vineyard (Vitis vinifera L., cv. Cesanese d’Affile) to elucidate the impact of the cow horn silica biodynamic preparation (BD-501) on leaf vine physiology, potential resistance via chitinase activity, and analysis of secondary metabolites. The vineyard under biodynamic management was divided into two plots: one treated with BD-501 (BD-501) and the other untreated (BD). Throughout the vine growth season, measurements of carotenoid and chlorophyll levels, polyphenols, and chitinase activity were taken around key phenological phases (BBCH scale). During the ripening phase, a fluorometer was employed to assess chlorophyll fluorescence in the leaves. Results: Leaves treated with BD-501 exhibited elevated concentrations of polyphenols and increased chitinase activity during the later phenological phases. In contrast, the untreated BD samples demonstrated high values primarily in the central phase of the observation period but not consistently throughout. At the time of harvest, chlorophyll concentration and quantum yield exhibited no statistically significant differences. BD-501 triggered a distinct response in terms of potential defense mechanisms (elevated polyphenols and chitinase activity) during the veraison phase. However, conversely, lower levels of chlorophylls and carotenoids were observed. Conclusions: Nevertheless, a further round of experimental work is required to thoroughly comprehend the regulatory mechanisms behind this adaptive response and to ascertain the efficacy of BD-501
Effect of malting on nutritional and antioxidant properties of the seeds of two industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivars
No full textThe impact of malting on antioxidant, nutritional, and antinutritional features of two industrial hemp cultivars
was investigated. The seeds were steeped (5 h; RT), germinated (3-days; 24 ◦C), and kilned at different temperatures
(6 h; 50 ◦C or 70 ◦C). The following determinations were performed on malted and unmalted samples:
total phenolic content, polyphenol profile, total antioxidant capacity, tocopherol composition, proximate analysis,
fatty acids profile, trypsin inhibitors and phytate content. The results showed that malting increased the
protein content up to 9%, without affecting the fat amount, and the fatty acids profile. Total phenolic content,
tocopherol profile and total antioxidant capacity were also improved. 70 ◦C kilning temperature resulted
effective to reduce the trypsin inhibitors (up to 27%), increase the reducing power and the level of N-transcaffeoyltyramine
and cannabisin A. Based on this, malting using 3 germination days and 70 ◦C as kilning temperature
could be considered suitable transformation process for improving hempseeds qualit
Ozone Gas for Low Cost and Environmentally Friendly Desulfurization of Mute Grape Must
Full text linkOzone is widely used for storage and processing facilities and food sanitization. In this research, ozone was tested as an alternative to high temperature vacuum must desulfurization in order to make a more sustainable process. Bubbling ozone in highly sulfited red must (mute must) at two treatment temperatures, a significant reduction in total and free sulfites from around 1000 mg/L to 200 and 120 mg/L at 20 and 10 °C, respectively, was observed in 24 h, but already after 4 h the concentration was halved. Air flushing of the mute must did not reduce the SO(2) content. To evaluate the potential ozone effect on polyphenol oxidation, we carried out the ozone treatment on a water solution with tannins, ascorbic acid, or potassium metabisulfite (MBK) as single and as mixture. In 1 h, 2/3 of sulfite disappeared with the treatment, but the reduction was greater with ascorbate and tannins; the same was observed for ascorbate, whereas tannins decreased to a lesser extent when combined with ascorbate and MBK. Taken together, the results indicate that ozone could be an environmentally friendly, low cost, treatment for desulfurization, especially for white must, and is also easy to use by small wineries
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Use of water and ethanol extracts from wine grape seed pomace to prepare an antioxidant toothpaste
Full text linkBACKGROUND: Extracts of fresh wine grape seeds/skin or of grape pomace seeds were used to prepare antioxidant naturaltoothpastes.RESULTS: Ethanol extracted twice more polyphenols than water; ultrasound did not provide any improvement in the extraction.The addition of freeze-dried ethanol extracts of seeds or skin, at 2% and 10%, to the commercial toothpaste signicantlyincreased the polyphenol content, both from white grape seeds and skin and from red grape seed pomace. The evaluationof time stability (shelf life) revealed a decrease, after 4 months, of 3.9% and 9.4% in total polyphenol content, in 5% and10% water extracts, but not for ethanol extracts. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrilhydrazil1antiradical activity was the highest in 10% ofseed water extract toothpaste and, after 4 months, the activity was stable.CONCLUSION: Ethanol and water are efcient and safe solvents to create natural toothpaste with grape or pomace seed extractwith antioxidant activit
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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